2, 8-disubstituted Naphthyridine Derivatives

ABSTRACT

Disclosed are compounds of formula A:  
                 
 
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 2 ′, R 3 , R 21 , A 1 , A 2 , X, and Z are as defined herein. Compounds of formula A are useful in the treatment of diseases and/or conditions related to cell differentiation, such as cancer, inflammation, arthritis, angiogenesis, or the like. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of the invention and methods of treating the aforementioned conditions using such compounds.

This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/598,518, filed Aug. 3, 2004, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The invention relates to 2,8-disubstituted naphthyridines and more specifically to such compounds that are useful in the treatment and/or prevention of diseases and/or conditions related to cell differentiation, such as cancer, inflammation and inflammation-associated disorders, and conditions associated with angiogenesis.

2. Description of the Related Art

Angiogenesis is a highly regulated process under normal conditions, however many diseases are driven by persistent unregulated angiogenesis. Unregulated angiogenesis may either cause a particular disease directly or exacerbate an existing pathological condition. For example, ocular neovascularization has not only been implicated as the most common cause of blindness, but also is believed the dominant cause of many eye diseases. Further, in certain existing conditions, for example arthritis, newly formed capillary blood vessels invade the joints and destroy cartilage, or in the case of diabetes, new capillaries formed in the retina invade the vitreous, bleed, and cause blindness. Growth and metastasis of solid tumors are also dependent on angiogenesis (Folkman, J., Cancer Research, 46, 467-473 (1986), Folkman, J., Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 82, 4-6 (1989). It has been shown, for example, that tumors which enlarge to greater than 2 mm must obtain their own blood supply and do so by inducing the growth of new capillary blood vessels. Once these new blood vessels become embedded in the tumor, they provide a means for tumor cells to enter the circulation and metastasize to distant sites such as liver, lung or bone (Weidner, N., et al., The New England Journal of Medicine, 324(1), 1-8 (1991). Under conditions of unregulated angiogenesis, therapeutic methods designed to control, repress, and/or inhibit angiogenesis could lead to the abrogation or mitigation of these conditions and diseases.

Cancer is characterized by abnormal cellular proliferation. Cancer cells exhibit a number of properties that make them dangerous to the host, typically including an ability to invade other tissues and to induce capillary ingrowth, which assures that the proliferating cancer cells have an adequate supply of blood. A hallmark of cancerous cells is their abnormal response to control mechanisms that regulate cell division in normal cells and continue to divide until they ultimately kill the host.

Inflammation is related to a variety of disorders such as pain, headaches, fever, arthritis, asthma, bronchitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, psoriasis, eczema, burns, dermatitis, inflammatory bowel syndrome, Crohn's disease, gastritis, irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, vascular diseases, Hodgkin's disease, sclerodoma, rheumatic fever, type I diabetes, myasthenia gravis, sarcoidosis, nephrotic syndrome, Behcet's syndrome, polymyositis, hypersensitivity, conjunctivitis, gingivitis, post-injury swelling, myocardial ischemia, and the like.

Therefore, there is a continuing need in the art for new methods of treating cancer, inflammation and inflammation-associated disorders, and conditions or diseases related to uncontrolled angiogenesis.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,945,431 discloses heterocyclic compounds of the formula (I):

wherein

-   -   W is selected from CH, CR₃, CH₂, C═O, CHR₃, N and NR₅;     -   one of X, Y, and Z is N or NR₅ while the other two are         independently selected from CH, CR₄, CH₂, C═O and CHR₄;     -   B is selected from the group consisting of         wherein     -   A is O or S;     -   R₁ is selected from:         -   C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl or C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, each of which             is optionally substituted with OH, halogen, amino, carboxyl             or saturated or unsaturated C₃₋₁₀ (carbocycle or             heterocycle) optionally substituted with OH, halogen, amino,             mercapto, carboxy, C₁₋₄ (alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, acyl,             acyloxy or alkoxycarbonyl) optionally substituted with OH,             halogen, amino or C₁₋₄ alkoxy; and         -   C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl fused to C₆₋₁₀ aryl optionally substituted             with OH, halogen, amino, mercapto, carboxy, C₁₋₄ (alkyl,             alkoxy, alkylthio, acyl, acyloxy or alkoxycarbonyl)             optionally substituted with OH, halogen, amino or C₁₋₄             alkoxy;     -   R₂ and R′₂ are independently H, C₁₋₄ alkyl or R₁ and R₂ together         form a saturated or unsaturated 5 or 6 member heterocycle         optionally fused to C₆₋₁₀ aryl or heteroaryl;     -   R₃ and R₄ are independently selected from H, OH, halogen, amino,         cyano, C₁₋₆ (alkyl, alkoxy, acyl, acyloxy or alkoxycarbonyl),         where each alkyl and acyl portion is optionally substituted with         OH, halogen, amino or C₁₋₄ alkoxy, and saturated or unsaturated         C₃-C₁₀ (carbocycle or heterocycle) optionally substituted with         OH, halogen, amino, mercapto, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄         alkoxycarbonyl, halo substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl or halo-substituted         C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy or carboxy;     -   R₅ is H, C₁₋₆ alkyl or C₁₋₆ acyl, where each of the alkyl and         acyl is optionally substituted with OH, halogen, amino or C₁₋₄         alkoxy; and     -   n is 0, 1 or 2.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,945,431 discloses how to make the above compounds and how to use them allegedly as cytomegalovirus (CMV) inhibitors for the treatment of conditions related to CMV infection in mammals. The disclosure of U.S. Pat. No. 5,945,431 is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In a broad aspect, the invention encompasses the compounds of formula A shown below, pharmaceutical compositions containing those compounds and methods employing such compounds or compositions in the treatment of diseases and/or conditions related to cell differentiation, such as cancer, inflammation, arthritis, angiogenesis, or the like.

The invention provides compounds of formula A, hereinafter “Embodiment 1”:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein each

independently represents a single bond or a double bond;

-   A₁ is N, or an N-oxide; -   A₂ is N, an N-oxide, NH, or N(C₁-C₆) alkyl; provided that when     is a single bond, then A₂ is NH, or N(C₁-C₆) alkyl; -   X is —NR_(x)R_(y), or —C(O)R₂₀; wherein     -   R_(x) and R_(y) are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl,         alkoxycarbonyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, —C(O)-aryl,         heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, or —C(O)heteroaryl, wherein the         aryl and heteroaryl rings are optionally substituted with 1, 2,         3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆         alkoxy, halogen, CO₂H, NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇,         -(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-C(O)NR₆R₇, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, or C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy; -   Z is a bond, —CH₂—, —NH—, —O—, —N(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-, —S—, —S(O)—, —SO₂—,     —SO₂NH—, or —SO₂N(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-; -   R₁ is halogen, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₂-C₆     alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, or C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl,     each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5     groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy,     OH, CN, CO₂H, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl,     C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄     alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, phenyl, or     naphthyl, wherein the heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, phenyl and     naphthyl groups are optionally substituted with 1 or more groups     that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy,     halogen, OH, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of         each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups         that are independently halogen, OH, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄         haloalkoxy, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆         alkyl); or     -   R₆ and R₇ and the nitrogen to which they are attached form a         ring having from 5 to 8 members, wherein the ring optionally         contains 1-3 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S,         where the ring is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups         that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, OH,         amino, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl);     -   R₁₀ is C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or         cycloalkyl, wherein the cyclic portions are optionally         substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are independently         halogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CO₂H, CN, NO₂, C₁-C₄         haloalkyl, or C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy;     -   wherein the heterocycloalkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of R₁         and R₁₀ are further optionally substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or         ═N—OCH₃; -   R₂, R₂′, and R₃ at each occurrence are independently H, halogen,     C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, —C(O)NH₂, —C(O)NH(C₁-C₆     alkyl), —C(O)N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl), or aryl; -   R₂₀ is H, OH, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, or NR₄R₅; wherein     -   R₄ and R₅ are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy C₁-C₆         alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl,         cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, cycloalkylalkynyl,         heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl,         heterocycloalkylalkenyl, heterocycloalkylalkynyl, aryl,         heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylalkenyl,         heteroarylalkynyl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, or arylalkynyl,         wherein the cyclic portion of each of the above is unsubstituted         or substituted with one or more groups that are independently         C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, —SO₂—(C₁-C₆) alkyl, C₁-C₄         haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, NO₂, CN, OH, aryl C₁-C₆ alkyl,         C₁-C₆ alkoxy C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl,         NR₇R₈, or —C(O)NR₇R₈,         -   wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently H or C₁-C₆ alkyl,             wherein the alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3             groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, halogen,             C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), N(C₁-C₆             alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl) or CO₂H; or         -   R₇ and R₈ and the nitrogen to which they are attached form a             ring having from 5 to 8 members, wherein the ring optionally             contains 1-3 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O, and             S, where the ring is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3             groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH,             halogen, amino, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆             alkyl);         -   wherein the heterocycloalkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of             R₄ and R₅ are further optionally substituted with ═O, ═N—OH,             or ═N—OCH₃; or     -   R₄ and R₅ and the nitrogen to which they are attached form a         heterocycloalkyl ring, which is unsubstituted or substituted         with 1 or more groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆         alkoxy, halogen, aryl C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, OH, ═O,         heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, —OCH₂CH₂O—,         —OCH₂O—,         -   wherein the heteroaryl, phenyl and naphthyl groups are             unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or more groups that are             independently C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, CF₃ or             OCF₃; -   R₂₁ is H, CN, amino, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, OH, halogen, aryl     (phenyl or naphthyl each of which is optionally substituted with 1-5     groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen,     OH, hydroxyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, haloalkyl (in one aspect, CF₃), or     haloalkoxy (in one aspect, OCF₃)), or heteroaryl (pyridyl,     pyrimidyl, indolyl, or (iso)quinolinyl, each of which is optionally     substituted with 1-5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl,     C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, OH, hydroxyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, haloalkyl (in one     aspect, CF₃), or haloalkoxy (in one aspect, OCF₃)), C₁-C₆ alkyl,     C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, —C(O)NH₂, —C(O)NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), or     —C(O)N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl);     provided that R₁ is halogen only when Z is a bond;     provided that when -   R₂₀ is NR₄R₅ and R₄ is C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl or C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl     optionally substituted with OH, halogen, amino, carboxyl or     saturated or unsaturated C₃₋₁₀ (carbocycle or heterocycle)     optionally substituted with OH, halogen, amino, mercapto, carboxy,     C₁₋₄ (alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, acyl, acyloxy or alkoxycarbonyl)     optionally substituted with OH, halogen, amino or C₁₋₄ alkoxy; and     C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl fused to C₆₋₁₀ aryl optionally substituted with OH,     halogen, amino, mercapto, carboxy, C₁₋₄ (alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio,     acyl, acyloxy or alkoxycarbonyl) optionally substituted with OH,     halogen, amino or C₁₋₄ alkoxy; -   R₅ is H, or C₁₋₄ alkyl; and -   (1) Z is a bond; and -   R₂ or R₃ is H, OH, halogen, amino, cyano, C₁₋₆ (alkyl, alkoxy, acyl,     acyloxy or alkoxycarbonyl) optionally substituted with OH, halogen,     amino or C₁₋₄ alkoxy, and saturated or unsaturated C₃₋₁₀ (carbocycle     or heterocycle) optionally substituted with OH, halogen, amino,     mercapto, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkoxycarbonyl, halo substituted C₁₋₄     alkyl or halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy or     carboxy; or -   (2) Z is a bond; -   R₂ or R₃ is H, OH, halogen, amino, cyano, C₁₋₆ (alkyl, alkoxy, acyl,     acyloxy or alkoxycarbonyl) optionally substituted with OH, halogen,     amino or C₁₋₄ alkoxy, and saturated or unsaturated C₃₋₁₀ (carbocycle     or heterocycle) optionally substituted with OH, halogen, amino,     mercapto, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkoxycarbonyl, halo substituted C₁₋₄     alkyl or halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy or     carboxy; and -   R₄ and R₅ together form a saturated or unsaturated 5 or 6 member     heterocycle optionally fused to C₆₋₁₀ aryl or heteroaryl; then -   R₁ is not OH, halogen, amino, cyano, C₁₋₆ (alkyl, alkoxy, acyl,     acyloxy or alkoxycarbonyl) optionally substituted with OH, halogen,     amino or C₁₋₄ alkoxy, and saturated or unsaturated C₃₋₁₀ (carbocycle     or heterocycle) optionally substituted with OH, halogen, amino,     mercapto, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkoxycarbonyl, halo substituted C₁₋₄     alkyl or halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy or     carboxy.

The invention also includes intermediates that are useful in making the compounds of the invention.

The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of formula A and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, solvent, adjuvant or diluent.

The invention further provides methods of treating disease such as cancer, inflammation, arthritis, and angiogenesis in a patient in need of such treatment, comprising administering to the patient a compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of formula A, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound or salt of formula A.

The invention also provides the use of a compound or salt according to formula A for the manufacture of a medicament for use in treating cancer, inflammation, arthritis, or angiogenesis.

The invention also provides methods of preparing the compounds of the invention and the intermediates used in those methods.

The invention further provides a compound or pharmaceutical composition thereof in a kit with instructions for using the compound or composition.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Preferred compounds of formula I include compounds of embodiment 2, i.e., compounds of Formula A wherein,

-   R₁ is halogen, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₂-C₆     alkenyl, phenyl, naphthyl, thienyl, furanyl, indolyl, pyridyl,     pyridazinyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, triazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl,     isoxazolyl, benzofuranyl, 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-onyl,     piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl,     thiomorpholinyl, S,S-dioxothiomorpholinyl, or C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, each     of which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5     groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy,     OH, CN, CO₂H, heteroaryl selected from pyridyl, pyrimidyl,     pyrazinyl, (iso)quinolinyl, indolyl, thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl,     triazinyl, 1H-indazolyl, and benzimidazolyl, heterocycloalkyl     selected from piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl,     tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, imidazolidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl,     and S,S-dioxomorpholinyl, phenyl, naphthyl, wherein the heteroaryl,     heterocycloalkyl, phenyl and naphthyl groups are optionally     substituted with 1 or more groups that are independently selected     from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, OH, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃,     C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆     alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄     alkyl)-NR₆R₇, or —C(O)NR₆R₇, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of         each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups         that are independently halogen, OH, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄         haloalkoxy, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆         alkyl);     -   R₁₀ is C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl,         quinolinyl, pyrimidyl, furanyl, indolyl, benzofuranyl, thienyl,         cycloalkyl, wherein the cyclic portions are optionally         substituted with halogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CO₂H,         CN, NO₂, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, or C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy;         wherein the heterocycloalkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of R₁,         and R₁₀ are further optionally substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or         ═N—OCH₃.

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 1 include those where

-   X is —C(O)R₂₀; -   R₂₀ is NR₄R₅; wherein     -   R₄ and R₅ are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy C₁-C₆         alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, C₃-C₈         cycloalkyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl,         cycloalkyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl,         imidazolidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl,         S,S-dioxothiomorpholinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl,         morpholinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, thiomorpholinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl,         S,S-dioxothiomorpholinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, piperidinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl,         pyrrolidinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, imidazolidinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl,         piperidinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, pyrrolidinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl,         imidazolidinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, morpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl,         thiomorpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, S,S-dioxothiomorpholinyl C₂-C₆         alkenyl, tetrahydrofuranyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, tetrahydrothienyl         C₂-C₆ alkenyl, piperidinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, pyrrolidinyl C₂-C₆         alkynyl, imidazolidinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, morpholinyl C₂-C₆         alkynyl, thiomorpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, S,S-dioxothiomorpholinyl         C₂-C₆ alkynyl, tetrahydrofuranyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl,         tetrahydrothienyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, phenyl, naphthyl, furanyl,         pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, thienyl, imidazolyl, pyrazinyl         C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyridyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrimidyl C₁-C₆ alkyl,         pyrazinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, imidazolyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, furanyl C₁-C₆         alkyl, thienyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, heteroarylalkenyl,         heteroarylalkynyl, phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, naphthyl C₁-C₆ alkyl,         phenyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, naphthyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, phenyl C₂-C₆         alkynyl, naphthyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, wherein the cyclic portion of         each of the above is unsubstituted or substituted with one or         more groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy,         halogen, —SO₂— (C₁-C₆) alkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy,         NO₂, CN, OH, phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl wherein the phenyl is optionally         substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently         selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, CN, halogen, OH, and         alkanoyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆         alkanoyl, NR₇R₈, or —C(O)NR₇R₈,         -   wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently H or C₁-C₆ alkyl,             wherein the C₁-C₆ alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2,             or 3 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl,             halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl),             N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl) or CO₂H;         -   wherein the heterocycloalkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of             R₄ and R₅ are further optionally substituted with ═O, ═N—OH,             or ═N—OCH₃; or     -   R₄ and R₅ and the nitrogen to which they are attached form a         piperazinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl,         thiomorpholinyl, imidazolidinyl, S,S-dioxothiomorpholinyl,         piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, ring, which is unsubstituted or         substituted with 1 or more groups that are independently C₁-C₆         alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, naphthyl C₁-C₆         alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, OH, ═O, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl,         pyrimidyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrazinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, phenyl, naphthyl,         —OCH₂CH₂O—, —OCH₂O—,         -   wherein the pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl C₁-C₆             alkyl, phenyl and naphthyl groups are unsubstituted or             substituted with 1 or more groups that are independently             C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, CF₃ or OCF₃.

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 1 include those of embodiment 4, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 1 where

-   R₁ is halogen, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₂-C₆     alkenyl, phenyl, naphthyl, thienyl, furanyl, indolyl, pyridyl,     pyridazinyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, triazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl,     isoxazolyl, benzofuranyl, 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-onyl,     piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl,     thiomorpholinyl, S,S-dioxothiomorpholinyl, or C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, each     of which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5     groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy,     OH, CN, CO₂H, heteroaryl selected from pyridyl, pyrimidyl,     pyrazinyl, (iso)quinolinyl, indolyl, thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl,     triazinyl, 1H-indazolyl, and benzimidazolyl, heterocycloalkyl     selected from piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl,     tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, imidazolidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl,     and S,S-dioxomorpholinyl, phenyl, naphthyl, wherein the heteroaryl,     heterocycloalkyl, phenyl and naphthyl groups are optionally     substituted with 1 or more groups that are independently selected     from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, OH, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃,     C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆     alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄     alkyl)-NR₆R₇, or —C(O)NR₆R₇, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of         each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups         that are independently halogen, OH, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄         haloalkoxy, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆         alkyl);     -   R₁₀ is C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl,         quinolinyl, pyrimidyl, furanyl, indolyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl,         wherein the cyclic portions are optionally substituted with         halogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CO₂H, CN, NO₂, C₁-C₄         haloalkyl, or C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy;     -   wherein the heterocycloalkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of R₁         and R₁₀ are further optionally substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or         ═N—OCH₃; and -   R₄ and R₅ are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy C₁-C₆     alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, C₃-C₈     cycloalkyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, cycloalkyl     C₂-C₆ alkynyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl,     morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, S,S-dioxothiomorpholinyl,     tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, morpholinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl,     thiomorpholinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, S,S-dioxothiomorpholinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl,     piperidinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrrolidinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, imidazolidinyl     C₁-C₆ alkyl, piperidinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, pyrrolidinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl,     imidazolidinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, morpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl,     thiomorpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, S,S-dioxothiomorpholinyl C₂-C₆     alkenyl, tetrahydrofuranyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, tetrahydrothienyl C₂-C₆     alkenyl, piperidinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, pyrrolidinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl,     imidazolidinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, morpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl,     thiomorpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, S,S-dioxothiomorpholinyl C₂-C₆     alkynyl, tetrahydrofuranyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, tetrahydrothienyl C₂-C₆     alkynyl, phenyl, naphthyl, furanyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl,     thienyl, imidazolyl, pyrazinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyridyl C₁-C₆ alkyl,     pyrimidyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrazinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, imidazolyl C₁-C₆     alkyl, furanyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, thienyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, heteroarylalkenyl,     heteroarylalkynyl, phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, naphthyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, phenyl     C₂-C₆ alkenyl, naphthyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, phenyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl,     naphthyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, wherein the cyclic portion of each of the     above is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups that     are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, —SO₂—(C₁-C₆)     alkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, NO₂, CN, OH, phenyl C₁-C₆     alkyl wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4,     or 5 groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄     alkoxy, CN, halogen, OH, and alkanoyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy C₁-C₆ alkyl,     C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NR₇R₈, or —C(O)NR₇R₈,     -   wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein         the C₁-C₆ alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups         that are independently C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, C₁-C₆         alkoxy, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), N(C₁-C₆ alkyl)         (C₁-C₆ alkyl) or CO₂H;     -   wherein the heterocycloalkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of the         above are further optionally substituted with ═0, ═N—OH, or         ═N—OCH₃; or -   R₄ and R₅ and the nitrogen to which they are attached form a     piperazinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, thiomorpholinyl,     imidazolidinyl, S,S-dioxothiomorpholinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl,     ring, which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or more groups     that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, phenyl     C₁-C₆ alkyl, naphthyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₃-C₆ alkanoyl, OH, ═O, pyridyl,     pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrazinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl,     phenyl, naphthyl, —OCH₂CH₂O—, —OCH₂O—,     -   wherein the pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl C₁-C₆         alkyl, phenyl and naphthyl groups are unsubstituted or         substituted with 1 or more groups that are independently C₁-C₄         alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, CF₃ or OCF₃.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 4 include those of embodiment 5, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 4 where R₂ and R₃ are independently H, halogen, or C₁-C₆ alkyl. In another aspect, R₂ and R₃ are independently H or C₁-C₄ alkyl.

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 5 include those of embodiment 6, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 5 where Z is a bond, —CH₂—, or —NH—.

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 6 include those of embodiment 7, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 6 where

-   R₁ is halogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, phenyl, thienyl, pyridyl,     triazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazinyl, benzofuranyl,     3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-onyl, each of which is unsubstituted or     substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently     C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, heteroaryl     selected from pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, indolyl, thienyl,     furanyl, pyrrolyl, and benzimidazolyl, heterocycloalkyl selected     from piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, and     S,S-dioxomorpholinyl, phenyl, or naphthyl, wherein the heteroaryl,     heterocycloalkyl, phenyl and naphthyl groups are optionally     substituted with 1 or more groups that are independently selected     from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, OH, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃,     C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆     alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, —C(O)R₁₀, or, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄     alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of         each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups         that are independently halogen, OH, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄         haloalkoxy, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆         alkyl); and     -   R₁₀ is phenyl, pyridyl, or C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, wherein the cyclic         portions are optionally substituted with halogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl,         C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CO₂H, CN, NO₂, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, or C₁-C₄         haloalkoxy.

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 7 include those of Embodiment 8, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 7 where

-   R₄ and R₅ are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy C₁-C₆     alkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl,     morpholinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, piperidinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrrolidinyl C₁-C₆     alkyl, piperidinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, pyrrolidinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl,     morpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, piperidinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, pyrrolidinyl     C₂-C₆ alkynyl, morpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, phenyl, furanyl, pyridyl,     pyrazinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyridyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, imidazolyl C₁-C₆ alkyl,     furanyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, thienyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, phenyl     C₂-C₆ alkenyl, phenyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, wherein the cyclic portion of     each of the above is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more     groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen,     —SO₂—(C₁-C₆) alkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, NO₂, CN, OH,     phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with     1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄     alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, CN, halogen, OH, and alkanoyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy     C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NR₇R₈, or     —C(O)NR₇R₈,     -   wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein         the C₁-C₆ alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups         that are independently C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, C₁-C₆         alkoxy, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), N(C₁-C₆ alkyl)         (C₁-C₆ alkyl) or CO₂H;     -   wherein the heterocycloalkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of R₄         and R₅ are further optionally substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or         ═N—OCH₃.

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 8 include those of Embodiment 9, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 8 where

-   Z is —NH— or —CH₂—; -   R₁ is C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, phenyl, thienyl, pyridyl,     triazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazinyl, benzofuranyl,     3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-onyl, each of which is unsubstituted or     substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently     C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, heteroaryl     selected from pyridyl, pyrimidyl, indolyl, thienyl, furanyl, and     benzimidazolyl, heterocycloalkyl selected from piperidinyl,     pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, and S,S-dioxomorpholinyl,     phenyl, naphthyl, wherein the heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, phenyl     and naphthyl groups are optionally substituted with phenyl, wherein     the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1 or more groups that are     independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, OH,     OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, CF₃, OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆     alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, or     —C(O)NR₆R₇, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of         each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups         that are independently halogen, OH, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄         haloalkoxy, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆         alkyl); and     -   and -   R₄ and R₅ are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy C₁-C₆     alkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl,     morpholinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, piperidinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrrolidinyl C₁-C₆     alkyl, phenyl, furanyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyridyl     C₁-C₆ alkyl, imidazolyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, furanyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, thienyl     C₁-C₆ alkyl, phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein the cyclic portion of each     of the above is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups     that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen,     —SO₂—(C₁-C₆) alkyl, CF₃, OCF₃, NO₂, CN, OH, phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl     wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5     groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄     alkoxy, CN, halogen, OH, and alkanoyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy C₁-C₆ alkyl,     C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NR₇R₈, or —C(O)NR₇R₈,     -   wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein         the C₁-C₆ alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups         that are independently C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, C₁-C₆         alkoxy, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), N(C₁-C₆ alkyl)         (C₁-C₆ alkyl) or CO₂H; -   wherein the heterocycloalkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of R₄ and     R₅ are further optionally substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or ═N—OCH₃.

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 9 include those of Embodiment 10, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 9 where

-   R₁ is phenyl, thienyl, pyridyl, imidazolyl, pyrazinyl, benzofuranyl,     each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups     that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN,     CO₂H, pyridyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl     or phenyl, wherein the pyridyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, and     phenyl groups are optionally substituted with 1 or more groups that     are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen,     OH, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, CF₃, OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆     alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, or     —C(O)NR₆R₇, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, or C₁-C₆         alkoxycarbonyl (in one aspect, tert-butylalkoxycarbonyl),         wherein the alkyl portion of each is unsubstituted or         substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups that are independently         halogen, OH, CF₃, OCF₃, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl)         (C₁-C₆ alkyl); and     -   and -   R₄ and R₅ are independently H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl,     piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, piperidinyl     C₁-C₄ alkyl, phenyl, furanyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl C1-C₄ alkyl,     pyridyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, imidazolyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, furanyl C₁-C₄ alkyl,     thienyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, phenyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, wherein the cyclic portion     of each of the above is unsubstituted or substituted with one or     more groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy,     halogen, —SO₂— (C₁-C₄) alkyl, CF₃, OCF₃, NO₂, CN, OH, NR₇R₈, or     —C(O)NR₇R₈,     -   wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein         the C₁-C₆ alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, or 2 groups         that are independently C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, C₁-C₆         alkoxy, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), N(C₁-C₆ alkyl)         (C₁-C₆ alkyl) or CO₂H; -   wherein the heterocycloalkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of R₄ and     R₅ are further optionally substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or ═N—OCH₃.

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 10 include those of Embodiment 11, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 10 where

-   R₄ is H or methyl; and -   R₅ is —CH₂-furanyl.

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 11 include those of Embodiment 12, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 11 where

-   R₁ is phenyl, thienyl, pyridyl, or pyrazinyl, each of which is     unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CF₃, OCF₃,     NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₂ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, or —C(O)NR₆R₇, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ at each occurrence are independently H, C₁-C₆         alkyl, or C₁-C₄ alkoxycarbonyl.

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 12 include those of Embodiment 12A, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 12 where

-   R₁ is phenyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3     groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy,     OH, CF₃, OCF₃, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₂ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, or —C(O)NR₆R₇, wherein     -   R₆ and R₇ at each occurrence are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl,         or C₁-C₄ alkoxycarbonyl. In another aspect, R₆ and R₇ are         independently H or C₁-C₄ alkyl.

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 12 include those of Embodiment 12B, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 12 where

-   R₁ is thienyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3     groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy,     OH, CF₃, OCF₃, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₂ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, or —C(O)NR₆R₇, wherein     -   R₆ and R₇ at each occurrence are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl,         or C₁-C₄ alkoxycarbonyl. In another aspect, R₆ and R₇ are         independently H or C₁-C₄ alkyl.

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 12 include those of Embodiment 12C, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 12 where

-   R₁ is pyridyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3     groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy,     OH, CF₃, OCF₃, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₂ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, or —C(O)NR₆R₇, wherein     -   R₆ and R₇ at each occurrence are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl,         or C₁-C₄ alkoxycarbonyl. In another aspect, R₆ and R₇ are         independently H or C₁-C₄ alkyl.

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 12 include those of Embodiment 12D, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 12 where

-   R₁ is pyrazinyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or     3 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy,     OH, CF₃, OCF₃, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₂ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, or —C(O)NR₆R₇, wherein     -   R₆ and R₇ at each occurrence are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl,         or C₁-C₄ alkoxycarbonyl. In another aspect, R₆ and R₇ are         independently H or C₁-C₄ alkyl.

Other preferred compounds of the invention are within Embodiment 12E, i.e., compounds of embodiments 12, 12A, 12B, 12C, and 12D, wherein at least one of R₂ and R₃ is H. In another aspect, both R₂ and R₃ are H.

More preferred compounds of the invention include those of Embodiment 12F, i.e., compounds according to embodiment 12E wherein R₄ is H.

Still other preferred compounds of Embodiment 6 include those of embodiment 13, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 6 where

-   R₄ and R₅ and the nitrogen to which they are attached form a     piperazinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, imidazolidinyl, or     pyrrolidinyl ring, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted     with 1 or more groups that are independently C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄     alkoxy, halogen, phenyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, OH, pyridyl,     pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, pyrazinyl C₁-C₄ alkyl,     phenyl, —OCH₂CH₂O—, —OCH₂O—,     -   wherein the pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl C₁-C₆         alkyl, and phenyl groups are unsubstituted or substituted with 1         or more groups that are independently C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy,         halogen, CF₃ or OCF₃.

Still other preferred compounds of Embodiment 13 include those of embodiment 14, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 13 where

-   R₁ is phenyl, thienyl, furanyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl,     triazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, benzofuranyl, each of which is     unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H,     heteroaryl selected from pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, indolyl,     thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, and benzimidazolyl, heterocycloalkyl     selected from piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl,     and S,S-dioxomorpholinyl, phenyl, or naphthyl, wherein the     heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, phenyl and naphthyl groups are     optionally substituted with 1 or more groups that are independently     selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, OH, OH, CF₃, and     OCF₃, CF₃, OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxycarbonyl, or C₁-C₄     alkanoyl.

Still other preferred compounds of Embodiment 13 include those of embodiment 15, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 13 where

-   R₁ is phenyl, thienyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, triazolyl,     imidazolyl, or benzofuranyl, each of which is unsubstituted or     substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are independently C₁-C₆     alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄     alkyl)-NR₆R₇, or —C(O)NR₆R₇, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of         each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, or 2 groups that         are independently halogen, OH, CF₃, OCF₃, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl)         or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl);     -   R₁₀ is phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidyl,         furanyl, indolyl, or C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, each of which is         optionally substituted with halogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy,         OH, CO₂H, CN, NO₂, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, or C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy;     -   wherein the heterocycloalkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of R₁         and R₁₀ are further optionally substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or         ═N—OCH₃.

Embodiment 16 includes compounds of Embodiments 14 and 15 wherein

-   R₄ and R₅ and the nitrogen to which they are attached form a     piperazinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, imidazolidinyl, or     pyrrolidinyl ring, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted     with 1 or more groups that are independently C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄     alkoxy, halogen, phenyl C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, OH, pyridyl,     pyrimidyl C₁-C₂ alkyl, phenyl, —OCH₂CH₂O—, or —OCH₂O—; and -   R₂ and R₃ are both H.

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 16 include those of embodiment 16A, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 16 where

-   R₄ and R₅ and the nitrogen to which they are attached form a     piperazinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, or pyrrolidinyl ring, each of     which is substituted with 1 or more groups that are independently     C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, phenyl C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₆     alkanoyl, OH, pyridyl, pyrimidyl C₁-C₂ alkyl, phenyl, —OCH₂CH₂O—, or     —OCH₂O—.

Embodiment 16B includes compounds of embodiments 16 and 16A wherein

-   R₁ is phenyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3     groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy,     OH, —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, or —C(O)NR₆R₇, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of each is         unsubstituted or substituted with 1, or 2 groups that are         independently halogen, OH, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆         alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl); and     -   R₁₀ is phenyl, pyridyl, or furanyl, each of which is optionally         substituted with halogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CO₂H,         CN, NO₂, CF₃, or OCF₃.

Embodiment 16C includes compounds of embodiments 16 and 16A wherein

-   R₁ is thienyl, triazolyl, imidazolyl, or benzofuranyl, each of which     is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, —C(O)R₁₀,     NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, or —C(O)NR₆R₇, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of each is         unsubstituted or substituted with 1, or 2 groups that are         independently halogen, OH, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆         alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl); and     -   R₁₀ is phenyl, pyridyl, or furanyl, each of which is optionally         substituted with halogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CO₂H,         CN, NO₂, CF₃, or OCF₃.

Embodiment 16D includes compounds of embodiments 16 and 16A wherein

-   R₁ is pyridyl, pyrimidyl, or pyrazinyl, each of which is     unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, —C(O)R₁₀,     NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, or —C(O)NR₆R₇, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of each is         unsubstituted or substituted with 1, or 2 groups that are         independently halogen, OH, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆         alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl); and     -   R₁₀ is phenyl, pyridyl, or furanyl, each of which is optionally         substituted with halogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CO₂H,         CN, NO₂, CF₃, or OCF₃.

Embodiment 16E includes compounds of embodiments 16, 16A, 16B, 16C, and 16D wherein Z is a bond.

Embodiment 16E includes compounds of embodiments 16, 16A, 16B, 16C, and 16D wherein Z is —CH₂—.

Embodiment 16G includes compounds of embodiments 16, 16A, 16B, 16C, and 16D wherein Z is —NH—.

Embodiment 16H includes compounds of embodiments 16, 16A, 16B, 16C, and 16D wherein Z is —S— or —SO₂—.

Embodiment 16I includes compounds of embodiments 16, 16A, 16B, 16C, and 16D wherein Z is —SO₂NH—, or —SO₂N(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds according to embodiments 5, 16, and 16A-16I, wherein R₂₁ is H.

In yet still another aspect, the invention provides compounds according to embodiments 5, 16, and 16A-16I, wherein R₂₁ is CN.

In still yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds according to embodiments 5, 16, and 16A-16I, wherein R₂₁ is amino, monoalkylamino, or dialkylamino.

In yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 5, 16, and 16A-16I, wherein R₂₁ is OH.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 5, 16, and 16A-16I, wherein R₂₁ is phenyl.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 5, 16, and 16A-16I, wherein R₂₁ is pyridyl.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 5, 16, and 16A-16I, wherein R₂₁ is halogen.

In yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 5, 16, and 16A-16I, wherein R₂₁ is phenyl, which is substituted with 1-5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, OH, hydroxyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, haloalkyl (in one aspect, CF₃), or haloalkoxy (in one aspect, OCF₃)).

In yet still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 5, 16, and 16A-16I, wherein R₂₁ is pyridyl, or pyrimidyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1-5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, OH, hydroxyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, haloalkyl (in one aspect, CF₃), or haloalkoxy (in one aspect, OCF₃)).

In yet still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 5, 16, and 16A-16I, wherein R₂₁ is indolyl or (iso)quinolinyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1-5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, OH, hydroxyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, haloalkyl (in one aspect, CF₃), or haloalkoxy (in one aspect, OCF₃)).

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 5, 16, and 16A-16I, wherein R₂₁ is C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, or C₂-C₆ alkenyl.

In still yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 5, 16, and 16A-16I, wherein R₂₁ is —C(O)NH₂, —C(O)NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), or —C(O)N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

Still other preferred compounds of Embodiment 5 include those of embodiment 17, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 5 where

-   R₁ is halogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, each of     which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that     are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H,     heteroaryl selected from pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, indolyl,     thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, and benzimidazolyl, heterocycloalkyl     selected from piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl,     and S,S-dioxomorpholinyl, phenyl, or naphthyl, wherein the     heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, phenyl and naphthyl groups are     optionally substituted with 1 or more groups that are independently     selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, OH, OH, CF₃, and     OCF₃, CF₃, OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆     alkanoyl, —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, or —C(O)NR₆R₇,     wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of         each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups         that are independently halogen, OH, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄         haloalkoxy, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl)     -   R₁₀ is C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl,         quinolinyl, pyrimidyl, furanyl, indolyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl,         wherein the cyclic portions are optionally substituted with         halogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CO₂H, CN, NO₂, C₁-C₄         haloalkyl, or C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy;     -   wherein the cycloalkyl portion of R₁₀ is further optionally         substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or ═N—OCH₃.

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 17 include those of embodiment 18, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 17 where

-   R₄ and R₅ and the nitrogen to which they are attached form a     piperazinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, thiomorpholinyl,     imidazolidinyl, S,S-dioxothiomorpholinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl,     ring, which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or more groups     that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, phenyl     C₁-C₆ alkyl, naphthyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, OH, ═O, pyridyl,     pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrazinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl,     phenyl, naphthyl, —OCH₂CH₂O—, or —OCH₂O—,     -   wherein the pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl C₁-C₆         alkyl, phenyl and naphthyl groups are unsubstituted or         substituted with 1 or more groups that are independently C₁-C₄         alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, CF₃ or OCF₃.

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 18 include those of embodiment 19, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 18 where

-   R₁ is halogen.

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 18 include those of embodiment 20, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 18 where

-   R₁ is C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, each of which is     unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, CF₃,     OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl,     —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl,     pyrrolyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl morpholinyl, or     phenyl,     -   wherein the cyclic groups are optionally substituted with 1 or         more groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl,         C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, OH, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of         each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups         that are independently halogen, OH, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄         haloalkoxy, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆         alkyl);     -   R₁₀ is phenyl or pyridyl, each of which is optionally         substituted with halogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CO₂H,         CN, NO₂, CF₃ or OCF₃.

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 20 include those of embodiment 21, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 20 where

-   R₄ and R₅ and the nitrogen to which they are attached form a     piperazinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, piperidinyl, or pyrrolidinyl     ring, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or more     groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen,     phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, naphthyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, OH, ═O,     pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrazinyl     C₁-C₆ alkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, —OCH₂CH₂O—, or —OCH₂O—.

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 21 include those of embodiment 22, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 21 where

-   R₁ is C₂-C₆ alkynyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, CF₃,     OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl,     —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl,     piperidinyl, or phenyl,     -   wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1 or more         groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxy, halogen, OH, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆         alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of each is         unsubstituted or substituted with 1, or 2 groups that are         independently halogen, OH, CF₃, OCF₃, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or         N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 21 include those of embodiment 23, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 21 where

-   R₁ is C₁-C₆ alkyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, CF₃,     OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl,     —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl,     piperidinyl, or phenyl,     -   wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1 or more         groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxy, halogen, OH, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆         alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of each is         unsubstituted or substituted with 1, or 2 groups that are         independently halogen, OH, CF₃, OCF₃, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or         N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 21 include those of embodiment 24, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 21 where

-   R₁ is C₁-C₆ alkenyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, CF₃,     OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl,     —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl,     piperidinyl, or phenyl,     -   wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1 or more         groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxy, halogen, OH, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆         alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of each is         unsubstituted or substituted with 1, or 2 groups that are         independently halogen, OH, CF₃, OCF₃, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or         N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

Embodiment 24A includes compounds of embodiments 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24, wherein Z is a bond.

Embodiment 24B includes compounds of embodiments 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24, wherein Z is —CH₂—.

Embodiment 24C includes compounds of embodiments 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24, wherein Z is —NH—.

Embodiment 24D includes compounds of embodiments 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24, wherein Z is —S— or —SO₂—.

Embodiment 24E includes compounds of embodiments 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24, wherein Z is —N(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-. In another aspect, Z is —N(C₁-C₂ alkyl)-. In still another aspect, Z is —N(C₂-C₃ alkyl)-.

Embodiment 24F includes compounds of embodiments 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24, wherein Z is —SO₂NH—, or —SO₂N(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds according to embodiments 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 24A-24F, wherein R₂₁ is H.

In yet still another aspect, the invention provides compounds according to embodiments 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 24A-24F, wherein R₂₁ is CN.

In still yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds according to embodiments 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 24A-24F, wherein R₂₁ is amino, monoalkylamino, or dialkylamino.

In yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 24A-24F, wherein R₂₁ is OH.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 24A-24F, wherein R₂₁ is phenyl.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 24A-24F, wherein R₂₁ is pyridyl.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 24A-24F, wherein R₂₁ is halogen.

In yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 24A-24F, wherein R₂₁ is phenyl, which is substituted with 1-5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, OH, hydroxyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, haloalkyl (in one aspect, CF₃), or haloalkoxy (in one aspect, OCF₃)).

In yet still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 24A-24F, wherein R₂₁ is pyridyl, or pyrimidyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1-5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, OH, hydroxyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, haloalkyl (in one aspect, CF₃), or haloalkoxy (in one aspect, OCF₃)).

In yet still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 24A-24F, wherein R₂₁ is indolyl or (iso)quinolinyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1-5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, OH, hydroxyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, haloalkyl (in one aspect, CF₃), or haloalkoxy (in one aspect, OCF₃)).

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 24A-24F, wherein R₂₁ is C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, or C₂-C₆ alkenyl.

In still yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 24A-24F, wherein R₂₁ is —C(O)NH₂, —C(O)NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), or —C(O)N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

Still other preferred compounds of Embodiment 17 include those of Embodiment 25, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 17 where

-   R₄ and R₅ are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy C₁-C₆     alkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl,     morpholinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, piperidinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrrolidinyl C₁-C₆     alkyl, piperidinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, pyrrolidinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl,     morpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, piperidinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, pyrrolidinyl     C₂-C₆ alkynyl, morpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, phenyl, furanyl, pyridyl,     pyrazinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyridyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, imidazolyl C₁-C₆ alkyl,     furanyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, thienyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, phenyl     C₂-C₆ alkenyl, phenyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, wherein the cyclic portion of     each of the above is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more     groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen,     —SO₂—(C₁-C₆) alkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, NO₂, CN, OH,     phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with     1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄     alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, CN, halogen, OH, and alkanoyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy     C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NR₇R₈, or     —C(O)NR₇R₈,     -   wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein         the C₁-C₆ alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups         that are independently C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, C₁-C₆         alkoxy, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), N(C₁-C₆ alkyl)         (C₁-C₆ alkyl) or CO₂H;     -   wherein the heterocycloalkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of R₄         and R₅ are further optionally substituted with =°, ═N—OH, or         ═N—OCH₃.

Still other preferred compounds of Embodiment 25 include those of Embodiment 26, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 25 where

-   R₁ is C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, each of which is     unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, CF₃,     OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl,     —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl,     piperidinyl, or phenyl,     -   wherein the pyridyl, piperidinyl and phenyl groups are         optionally substituted with 1 or more groups that are         independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen,         OH, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of         each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups         that are independently halogen, OH, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄         haloalkoxy, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆         alkyl);     -   R₁₀ is phenyl or pyridyl, each of which is optionally         substituted with halogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CO₂H,         CN, NO₂, CF₃ or OCF₃.

Still other preferred compounds of Embodiment 26 include those of Embodiment 27, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 26 where

-   R₄ and P₅ are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy C₁-C₆     alkyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, morpholinyl C₁-C₆     alkyl, piperidinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrrolidinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, phenyl,     furanyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyridyl C₁-C₆ alkyl,     imidazolyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, furanyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, thienyl C₁-C₆ alkyl,     phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein the cyclic portion of each of the above     is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, —SO₂—(C₁-C₆)     alkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, NO₂, CN, OH, phenyl C₁-C₆     alkyl wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4,     or 5 groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄     alkoxy, CN, halogen, OH, and alkanoyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy C₁-C₆ alkyl,     C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NR₇R₈, or —C(O)NR₇R₈,     -   wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein         the C₁-C₆ alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups         that are independently C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, C₁-C₆         alkoxy, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), N(C₁-C₆ alkyl)         (C₁-C₆ alkyl) or CO₂H;     -   wherein the heterocycloalkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of R₄         and R₅ are further optionally substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or         ═N—OCH₃.

Still other preferred compounds of Embodiment 27 include those of Embodiment 28, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 27 where

-   R₁ is C₂-C₆ alkynyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, CF₃,     OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl,     —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl,     piperidinyl, or phenyl,     -   wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1 or more         groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxy, halogen, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆         alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of each is         unsubstituted or substituted with 1, or 2 groups that are         independently halogen, OH, CF₃, OCF₃, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or         N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

Still other preferred compounds of Embodiment 27 include those of Embodiment 29, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 27 where

-   R₁ is C₁-C₆ alkyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, CF₃,     OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl,     —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl,     piperidinyl, or phenyl,     -   wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1 or more         groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxy, halogen, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆         alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of each is         unsubstituted or substituted with 1, or 2 groups that are         independently halogen, OH, CF₃, OCF₃, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or         N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

Still other preferred compounds of Embodiment 27 include those of Embodiment 30, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 27 where

-   R₁ is C₁-C₆ alkenyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, CF₃,     OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl,     —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, piperidinyl,     piperidinyl, or phenyl,     -   wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1 or more         groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxy, halogen, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆         alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of each is         unsubstituted or substituted with 1, or 2 groups that are         independently halogen, OH, CF₃, OCF₃, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or         N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

Embodiment 30A includes compounds of embodiments 27, 28, and 29, wherein R₂ and R₃ are independently H or methyl. In another aspect, at least one of R₂ and R₃ is H.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 30A include those of Embodiment 30B, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 30A where wherein R₄ is H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, or C₁-C₄ alkoxy C₁-C₆ alkyl.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 30B include those of Embodiment 30C, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 30B where

-   R₅ is piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, phenyl, furanyl, or     pyridyl, wherein the cyclic portion of each of the above is     unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups that are     independently C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, —SO₂—(C₁-C₆)     alkyl, CF₃, OCF₃, NO₂, CN, OH, phenyl C₁-C₄ alkyl wherein the phenyl     is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are     independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, CN, halogen,     OH, and alkanoyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl,     C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NR₇R₈, or —C(O)NR₇R₈,     -   wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein         the C₁-C₆ alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups         that are independently C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, C₁-C₆         alkoxy, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), N(C₁-C₆ alkyl)         (C₁-C₆ alkyl) or CO₂H;     -   wherein the heterocycloalkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of R₄         and R₅ are further optionally substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or         ═N—OCH₃.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 30B include those of Embodiment 30D, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 30B where

-   R₅ is morpholinyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, piperidinyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, pyrrolidinyl     C₁-C₄ alkyl, pyrazinyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, pyridyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, imidazolyl     C₁-C₄ alkyl, furanyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, thienyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, or phenyl     C₁-C₄ alkyl, wherein the cyclic portion of each of the above is     unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups that are     independently C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, —SO₂—(C₁-C₆)     alkyl, CF₃, OCF₃, NO₂, CN, OH, phenyl C₁-C₄ alkyl wherein the phenyl     is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are     independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, CN, halogen,     OH, and alkanoyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl,     C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NR₇R₈, or —C(O)NR₇R₈,     -   wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein         the C₁-C₆ alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups         that are independently C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, C₁-C₆         alkoxy, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), N(C₁-C₆ alkyl)         (C₁-C₆ alkyl) or CO₂H;     -   wherein the heterocycloalkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of R₄         and R₅ are further optionally substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or         ═N—OCH₃.

Embodiment 30E includes compounds of embodiments 30C and 30D, wherein Z is a bond.

Embodiment 30F includes compounds of embodiments 30C and 30D, wherein Z is —CH₂—.

Embodiment 30G includes compounds of embodiments 30C and 30D, wherein Z is —NH—.

Embodiment 30H includes compounds of embodiments 30C and 30D, wherein Z is —S— or —SO₂—. Embodiment 30I includes compounds of embodiments 30C and 30D, wherein Z is —N(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-. In another aspect, Z is —N(C₁-C₂ alkyl)-. In still another aspect, Z is —N(C₂-C₃ alkyl)-. 30J. A compound according to either embodiment 30C or 30D, wherein Z is —SO₂NH—, or —SO₂N(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds according to embodiments 27, 28, 29, 30, and 30A-30I, wherein R₂₁ is H.

In yet still another aspect, the invention provides compounds according to embodiments 27, 28, 29, 30, and 30A-30I, wherein R₂₁ is CN.

In still yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds according to embodiments 27, 28, 29, 30, and 30A-30I, wherein R₂₁ is amino, monoalkylamino, or dialkylamino.

In yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 27, 28, 29, 30, and 30A-30I, wherein R₂₁ is OH.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 27, 28, 29, 30, and 30A-30I, wherein R₂₁ is phenyl.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 27, 28, 29, 30, and 30A-30I, wherein R₂₁ is pyridyl.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 27, 28, 29, 30, and 30A-30I, wherein R₂₁ is halogen.

In yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 27, 28, 29, 30, and 30A-30I, wherein R₂₁ is phenyl, which is substituted with 1-5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, OH, hydroxyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, haloalkyl (in one aspect, CF₃), or haloalkoxy (in one aspect, OCF₃)).

In yet still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 27, 28, 29, 30, and 30A-30I, wherein R₂₁ is pyridyl or pyrimidyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1-5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, OH, hydroxyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, haloalkyl (in one aspect, CF₃), or haloalkoxy (in one aspect, OCF₃)).

In yet still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 27, 28, 29, 30, and 30A-30I, wherein R₂₁ is indolyl or (iso)quinolinyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1-5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, OH, hydroxyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, haloalkyl (in one aspect, CF₃), or haloalkoxy (in one aspect, OCF₃)).

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 27, 28, 29, 30, and 30A-30I, wherein R₂₁ is C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, or C₂-C₆ alkenyl.

In still yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 27, 28, 29, 30, and 30A-30I, wherein R₂₁ is —C(O)NH₂, —C(O)NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), or —C(O)N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 17 include those of Embodiment 31, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 17 where

-   R₄ and R₅ are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, or C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl,     wherein the cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or     more groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy,     halogen, —SO₂—(C₁-C₆) alkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, NO₂,     CN, OH, phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl wherein the phenyl is optionally     substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently     selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, CN, halogen, OH, and     alkanoyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆     alkanoyl, NR₇R₈, or —C(O)NR₇R₈,     -   wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein         the C₁-C₆ alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups         that are independently C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, C₁-C₆         alkoxy, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), N(C₁-C₆ alkyl)         (C₁-C₆ alkyl) or CO₂H; -   wherein the cycloalkyl portion of R₄ and R₅ is further optionally     substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or ═N—OCH₃.

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 31 include those of Embodiment 32, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 31 where

-   R₁ is C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, each of which is     unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, CF₃,     OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl,     —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl,     piperidinyl, or phenyl,     -   wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1 or more         groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxy, halogen, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of         each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups         that are independently halogen, OH, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄         haloalkoxy, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆         alkyl);     -   R₁₀ is phenyl or pyridyl, each of which is optionally         substituted with halogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CO₂H,         CN, NO₂, CF₃ or OCF₃.

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 31 include those of Embodiment 33, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 31 where

-   R₁ is C₂-C₆ alkynyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, CF₃,     OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl,     —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl,     piperidinyl, or phenyl,     -   wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1 or more         groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxy, halogen, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆         alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of each is         unsubstituted or substituted with 1, or 2 groups that are         independently halogen, OH, CF₃, OCF₃, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or         N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 31 include those of Embodiment 34, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 31 where

-   R₁ is C₁-C₆ alkyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, CF₃,     OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl,     —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl,     piperidinyl, or phenyl,     -   wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1 or more         groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxy, halogen, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆         alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of each is         unsubstituted or substituted with 1, or 2 groups that are         independently halogen, OH, CF₃, OCF₃, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or         N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 31 include those of Embodiment 35, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 31 where

-   R₁ is C₁-C₆ alkenyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, CF₃,     OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl,     —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl,     piperidinyl, or phenyl,     -   wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1 or more         groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxy, halogen, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆         alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of each is         unsubstituted or substituted with 1, or 2 groups that are         independently halogen, OH, CF₃, OCF₃, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or         N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 31 include those of Embodiment 35A, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 31 where R₁ is halogen.

Embodiment 35B includes compounds of embodiments 33, 34, and 35, wherein R₄ is H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, or C₁-C₄ alkoxy C₁-C₆ alkyl.

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 35B include those of Embodiment 35C, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 35B where

-   R₅ is C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl, wherein the cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or     substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are independently C₁-C₄     alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, —SO₂—(C₁-C₄) alkyl, CF₃, OCF₃, NO₂,     CN, OH, phenyl C₁-C₄ alkyl wherein the phenyl is optionally     substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently     selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, CN, halogen, OH, and     alkanoyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₄     alkanoyl, NR₇R₈, or —C(O)NR₇R₈,     -   wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein         the C₁-C₆ alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups         that are independently C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, C₁-C₆         alkoxy, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), N(C₁-C₆ alkyl)         (C₁-C₆ alkyl) or CO₂H;     -   wherein the cycloalkyl portion of R₄ and R₅ is further         optionally substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or ═N—OCH₃; and     -   at least one of R₂ and R₃ is H.

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 35C include those of Embodiment 35D, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 35C where wherein Z is a bond.

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 35C include those of Embodiment 35E, wherein Z is —CH₂—.

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 35C include those of Embodiment 35F wherein Z is —NH—.

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 35C include those of Embodiment 35G wherein Z is —S— or —SO₂—.

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 35C include those of Embodiment 35H wherein Z is —N(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-. In another aspect, Z is —N(C₁-C₂ alkyl)-. In still another aspect, Z is —N(C₂-C₃ alkyl)-.

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 35C include those of Embodiment 35I wherein Z is —SO₂NH—, or —SO₂N(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds according to embodiments 33, 34, 35, and 35A-35I, wherein R₂₁ is H.

In yet still another aspect, the invention provides compounds according to embodiments 33, 34, 35, and 35A-35I, wherein R₂₁ is CN.

In still yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds according embodiments 33, 34, 35, and 35A-35I, wherein R₂₁ is amino, monoalkylamino, or dialkylamino.

In yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 33, 34, 35, and 35A-35I, wherein R₂₁ is OH.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 33, 34, 35, and 35A-35I, wherein R₂₁ is phenyl.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 33, 34, 35, and 35A-35I, wherein R₂₁ is pyridyl.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 33, 34, 35, and 35A-35I, wherein R₂₁ is halogen.

In yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 33, 34, 35, and 35A-35I, wherein R₂₁ is phenyl, which is substituted with 1-5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, OH, hydroxyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, haloalkyl (in one aspect, CF₃), or haloalkoxy (in one aspect, OCF₃)).

In yet still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 33, 34, 35, and 35A-35I, wherein R₂₁ is pyridyl or pyrimidyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1-5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, OH, hydroxyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, haloalkyl (in one aspect, CF₃), or haloalkoxy (in one aspect, OCF₃)).

In yet still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 33, 34, 35, and 35A-35I, wherein R₂₁ is indolyl or (iso)quinolinyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1-5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, OH, hydroxyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, haloalkyl (in one aspect, CF₃), or haloalkoxy (in one aspect, OCF₃)).

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 33, 34, 35, and 35A-35I, wherein R₂₁ is C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, or C₂-C₆ alkenyl.

In still yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 33, 34, 35, and 35A-35I, wherein R₂₁ is —C(O)NH₂, —C(O)NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), or —C(O)N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 5 include those of Embodiment 36, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 5 where

-   Z is a bond; -   R₁ is phenyl, naphthyl, thienyl, furanyl, indolyl, pyridyl,     pyridazinyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, triazolyl, imidazolyl,     benzofuranyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, or     morpholinyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1,     2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen,     C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy,     —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, —C(O)R₁₀,     NR₆R₇, -(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, heteroaryl selected from     pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, (iso)quinolinyl, indolyl, thienyl,     furanyl, pyrrolyl, triazinyl, 1H-indazolyl, and benzimidazolyl,     heterocycloalkyl selected from piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl,     tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, imidazolidinyl,     piperazinyl, morpholinyl, and S,S-dioxomorpholinyl, phenyl,     naphthyl, wherein the heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, or phenyl, which     is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are     independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, CF₃,     and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of         each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups         that are independently halogen, OH, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄         haloalkoxy, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆         alkyl); and     -   R₁₀ is C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl,         quinolinyl, pyrimidyl, furanyl, indolyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl,         wherein the cyclic portions are optionally substituted with         halogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CO₂H, CN, NO₂, C₁-C₄         haloalkyl, or C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy;     -   wherein the heterocycloalkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of R₁         and R₁₀ are further optionally substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or         ═N—OCH₃.

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 36 include those of Embodiment 37, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 36 where

-   R₄ and R₅ and the nitrogen to which they are attached form a     piperazinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, imidazolidinyl, or     pyrrolidinyl ring, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted     with 1 or more groups that are independently C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄     alkoxy, halogen, phenyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, OH, pyridyl,     pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, pyrazinyl C₁-C₄ alkyl,     phenyl, —OCH₂CH₂O—, —OCH₂O—,     -   wherein the pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl C₁-C₆         alkyl, and phenyl groups are unsubstituted or substituted with 1         or more groups that are independently C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy,         halogen, CF₃ or OCF₃.

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 37 include those of Embodiment 38, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 37 where

-   R₁ is phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4,     or 5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆     alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy,     —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, —C(O)R₁₀,     NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, heteroaryl selected from     pyridyl, pyrimidyl, indolyl, thienyl, furanyl, and pyrrolyl,     heterocycloalkyl selected from piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl,     piperazinyl, and morpholinyl, phenyl, wherein the heteroaryl,     heterocycloalkyl phenyl and naphthyl groups are optionally     substituted with each of which is optionally substituted with 1, 2,     3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl,     C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of         each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups         that are independently halogen, OH, CF₃, OCF₃, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆         alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

Other preferred compounds of Embodiment 38 include those of Embodiment 39, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 38 where

-   R₂ and R₃ are both H; and -   R₄ and R₅ and the nitrogen to which they are attached form a     piperazinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, or pyrrolidinyl ring, each of     which is substituted with 1 or more groups that are independently     C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, phenyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₆     alkanoyl, OH, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl C₁-C₄ alkyl,     pyrazinyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, phenyl, —OCH₂CH₂O—, or —OCH₂O—.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 39 include those of Embodiment 39A, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 39 where

-   R₄ and R₅ and the nitrogen to which they are attached form a     piperazinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, or pyrrolidinyl ring, wherein     the piperazinyl and piperidinyl rings are substituted at position 4,     wherein the morpholinyl, and pyrrolidinyl rings are substituted at     position 3.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 37 include those of Embodiment 40, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 37 where

-   R₁ is thienyl, furanyl, indolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidyl,     pyrazinyl, triazolyl, imidazolyl, benzofuranyl, piperidinyl,     pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, or morpholinyl, each of which is     unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, CF₃,     OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl,     NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl, piperidinyl, or     phenyl, wherein the pyridyl, piperidinyl, and phenyl groups are     optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are     independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, CF₃,     and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of         each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups         that are independently halogen, OH, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄         haloalkoxy, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl)(C₁-C₆ alkyl);         and     -   wherein the heterocycloalkyl portion of R₁₀ is further         optionally substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or ═N—OCH₃.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 40 include those of Embodiment 41, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 40 where

-   R₂ and R₃ are both H; and -   R₄ and R₅ and the nitrogen to which they are attached form a     piperazinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, or pyrrolidinyl ring, each of     which is substituted with 1 or more groups that are independently     C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, phenyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₆     alkanoyl, OH, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl C₁-C₄ alkyl,     pyrazinyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, phenyl, —OCH₂CH₂O—, or —OCH₂O—.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 41 include those of Embodiment 42, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 41 where

-   R₁ is thienyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 groups that     are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H,     CF₃, OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl,     NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl, piperidinyl, or     phenyl, which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups     that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy,     halogen, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of         each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups         that are independently halogen, OH, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄         haloalkoxy, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆         alkyl).

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 41 include those of Embodiment 43, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 41 where

-   R₁ is benzofuranyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 groups     that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN,     CO₂H, CF₃, OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆     alkanoyl, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl,     piperidinyl, or phenyl, which is optionally substituted with 1, 2,     3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl,     C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of         each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups         that are independently halogen, OH, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄         haloalkoxy, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆         alkyl).

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 36 include those of Embodiment 44, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 36 where

-   R₄ and R₅ are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy C₁-C₆     alkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl,     morpholinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, piperidinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrrolidinyl C₁-C₆     alkyl, piperidinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, pyrrolidinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl,     morpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, piperidinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, pyrrolidinyl     C₂-C₆ alkynyl, morpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, phenyl, furanyl, pyridyl,     pyrazinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyridyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, imidazolyl C₁-C₆ alkyl,     furanyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, thienyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, phenyl     C₂-C₆ alkenyl, phenyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, wherein the cyclic portion of     each of the above is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more     groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen,     —SO₂—(C₁-C₆) alkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, NO₂, CN, OH,     phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with     1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄     alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, CN, halogen, OH, and alkanoyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy     C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NR₇R₈, or     —C(O)NR₇R₈,     -   wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein         the C₁-C₆ alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups         that are independently C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, C₁-C₆         alkoxy, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), N(C₁-C₆ alkyl)         (C₁-C₆ alkyl) or CO₂H;     -   wherein the heterocycloalkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of R₄         and R₅ are further optionally substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or         ═N—OCH₃.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 44 include those of Embodiment 45, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 44 where

-   R₁ is phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4,     or 5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆     alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy,     —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, —C(O)R₁₀,     NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl, piperidinyl, or     phenyl, which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups     that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy,     halogen, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of         each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups         that are independently halogen, OH, CF₃, OCF₃, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆         alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 45 include those of Embodiment 45A, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 45 where

-   A compound according to embodiment 36, wherein -   R₄ is H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, or C₁-C₄ alkoxy C₁-C₆ alkyl.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 45A include those of Embodiment 45B, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 45A where

-   R₅ is C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with     one or more groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy,     halogen, —SO₂—(C₁-C₆) alkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, NO₂,     CN, OH, phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl wherein the phenyl is optionally     substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently     selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, CN, halogen, OH, and     alkanoyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆     alkanoyl, NR₇R₈, or —C(O)NR₇R₈,     -   wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein         the C₁-C₆ alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups         that are independently C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, C₁-C₆         alkoxy, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), N(C₁-C₆ alkyl)         (C₁-C₆ alkyl) or CO₂H;     -   wherein the cycloalkyl portion of R₅ is further optionally         substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or ═N—OCH₃.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 45A include those of Embodiment 45C, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 45A where

-   R₅ is piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, phenyl, furanyl, or     pyridyl, wherein the cyclic portion of each of the above is     unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, —SO₂—(C₁-C₆)     alkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, NO₂, CN, OH, phenyl C₁-C₆     alkyl wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4,     or 5 groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄     alkoxy, CN, halogen, OH, and alkanoyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy C₁-C₆ alkyl,     C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NR₇R₈, or —C(O)NR₇R₈,     -   wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein         the C₁-C₆ alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups         that are independently C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, C₁-C₆         alkoxy, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), N(C₁-C₆ alkyl)         (C₁-C₆ alkyl) or CO₂H;     -   wherein the heterocycloalkyl portion of R₅ is further optionally         substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or ═N—OCH₃.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 45A include those of Embodiment 45D, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 45A where

-   R₅ is morpholinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, piperidinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrrolidinyl     C₁-C₆ alkyl, piperidinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, pyrrolidinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl,     morpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, piperidinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, pyrrolidinyl     C₂-C₆ alkynyl, morpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, pyrazinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl,     pyridyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, imidazolyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, furanyl C₁-C₆ alkyl,     thienyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, phenyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl,     phenyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, wherein the cyclic portion of each of the     above is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups that     are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, —SO₂—(C₁-C₆)     alkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, NO₂, CN, OH, phenyl C₁-C₆     alkyl wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4,     or 5 groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄     alkoxy, CN, halogen, OH, and alkanoyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy C₁-C₆ alkyl,     C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NR₇R₈, or —C(O)NR₇R₈,     -   wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein         the C₁-C₆ alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups         that are independently C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, C₁-C₆         alkoxy, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), N(C₁-C₆ alkyl)         (C₁-C₆ alkyl) or CO₂H;     -   wherein the heterocycloalkyl portion of R₅ is further optionally         substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or ═N—OCH₃.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 45A include those of Embodiment 45E, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 45A where

-   R₅ is morpholinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, piperidinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrrolidinyl     C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrazinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyridyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, imidazolyl     C₁-C₆ alkyl, furanyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, thienyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, or phenyl     C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein the cyclic portion of each of the above is     unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, —SO₂—(C₁-C₆)     alkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, NO₂, CN, OH, phenyl C₁-C₆     alkyl wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4,     or 5 groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄     alkoxy, CN, halogen, OH, and alkanoyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy C₁-C₆ alkyl,     C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NR₇R₈, or —C(O)NR₇R₈,     -   wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein         the C₁-C₆ alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups         that are independently C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, C₁-C₆         alkoxy, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), N(C₁-C₆ alkyl)         (C₁-C₆ alkyl) or CO₂H;     -   wherein the heterocycloalkyl portion of R₅ is further optionally         substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or ═N—OCH₃.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 45A include those of Embodiment 45F, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 45A where

-   R₅ is piperidinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, pyrrolidinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl,     morpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, piperidinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, pyrrolidinyl     C₂-C₆ alkynyl, morpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, phenyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, or     phenyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, wherein the cyclic portion of each of the     above is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups that     are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, —SO₂—(C₁-C₆)     alkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, NO₂, CN, OH, phenyl C₁-C₆     alkyl wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4,     or 5 groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄     alkoxy, CN, halogen, OH, and alkanoyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy C₁-C₆ alkyl,     C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NR₇R₈, or —C(O)NR₇R₈,     -   wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein         the C₁-C₆ alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups         that are independently C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, C₁-C₆         alkoxy, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), N(C₁-C₆ alkyl)         (C₁-C₆ alkyl) or CO₂H;     -   wherein the heterocycloalkyl portion of R₅ is further optionally         substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or ═N—OCH₃.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds according to embodiments 45 and 45A-45F, wherein R₂₁ is H.

In yet still another aspect, the invention provides compounds according to embodiments 45 and 45A-45F, wherein R₂₁ is CN.

In still yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds according to embodiments 45 and 45A-45F, wherein R₂₁ is amino, monoalkylamino, or dialkylamino.

In yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 45 and 45A-45F, wherein R₂₁ is OH.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 45 and 45A-45F, wherein R₂₁ is phenyl.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 45 and 45A-45F, wherein R₂₁ is pyridyl.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 45 and 45A-45F, wherein R₂₁ is halogen.

In yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 45 and 45A-45F, wherein R₂₁ is phenyl, which is substituted with 1-5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, OH, hydroxyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, haloalkyl (in one aspect, CF₃), or haloalkoxy (in one aspect, OCF₃)).

In yet still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 45 and 45A-45F, wherein R₂₁ is pyridyl or pyrimidyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1-5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, OH, hydroxyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, haloalkyl (in one aspect, CF₃), or haloalkoxy (in one aspect, OCF₃)).

In yet still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 45 and 45A-45F, wherein R₂₁ is indolyl or (iso)quinolinyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1-5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, OH, hydroxyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, haloalkyl (in one aspect, CF₃), or haloalkoxy (in one aspect, OCF₃)).

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 45 or 45A-45F, wherein R₂₁ is C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, or C₂-C₆ alkenyl.

In still yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 45 or 45A-45F, wherein R₂₁ is —C(O)NH₂, —C(O)NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), or —C(O)N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 36 include those of Embodiment 46, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 36 where R₂ and R₃ are both H; and

-   R₄ and R₅ are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy C₁-C₆     alkyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, morpholinyl C₁-C₆     alkyl, piperidinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrrolidinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, phenyl,     furanyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyridyl C₁-C₆ alkyl,     imidazolyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, furanyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, thienyl C₁-C₆ alkyl,     phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein the cyclic portion of each of the above     is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, —SO₂— (C₁-C₆)     alkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, NO₂, CN, OH, phenyl C₁-C₆     alkyl wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4,     or 5 groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄     alkoxy, CN, halogen, OH, and alkanoyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy C₁-C₆ alkyl,     C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NR₇R₈, or —C(O)NR₇R₈,     -   wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein         the C₁-C₆ alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups         that are independently C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, C₁-C₆         alkoxy, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), N(C₁-C₆ alkyl)         (C₁-C₆ alkyl) or CO₂H;     -   wherein the heterocycloalkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of R₄         and R₅ are further optionally substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or         ═N—OCH₃.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 46 include those of Embodiment 47, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 46 where

-   R₁ is thienyl, furanyl, indolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidyl,     pyrazinyl, triazolyl, imidazolyl, benzofuranyl, piperidinyl,     pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, or morpholinyl, each of which is     unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, CF₃,     OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl,     NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl, piperidinyl, or     phenyl, which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups     that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy,     halogen, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of         each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups         that are independently halogen, OH, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄         haloalkoxy, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆         alkyl).

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 47 include those of Embodiment 48, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 47 where

-   R₁ is thienyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 groups that     are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H,     CF₃, OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl,     NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl, piperidinyl, or     phenyl, which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups     that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy,     halogen, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of         each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups         that are independently halogen, OH, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄         haloalkoxy, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆         alkyl).

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 47 include those of Embodiment 49, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 47 where

-   R₁ is benzofuranyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 groups     that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN,     CO₂H, CF₃, OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆     alkanoyl, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, or phenyl, which     is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are     independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, CF₃,     and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of         each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups         that are independently halogen, OH, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄         haloalkoxy, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆         alkyl).

Embodiment 49A includes compounds of embodiments 47, 48 and 49, wherein, R₄ is H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, or C₁-C₄ alkoxy C₁-C₆ alkyl.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 49A include those of Embodiment 49B, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 49A where

-   R₅ is piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, phenyl, furanyl, or     pyridyl, wherein the cyclic portion of each of the above is     unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, —SO₂—(C₁-C₆)     alkyl, CF₃, OCF₃, NO₂, CN, OH, phenyl C₁-C₄ alkyl wherein the phenyl     is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are     independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, CN, halogen,     OH, and alkanoyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl,     C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NR₇R₈, or —C(O)NR₇R₈,     -   wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein         the C₁-C₆ alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups         that are independently C₁-C₄ alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, C₁-C₆         alkoxy, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), N(C₁-C₆ alkyl)         (C₁-C₆ alkyl) or CO₂H;     -   wherein the heterocycloalkyl portion of R₅ is further optionally         substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or ═N—OCH₃.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 49A include those of Embodiment 49C, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 49A where

-   R₅ is morpholinyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, piperidinyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, pyrrolidinyl     C₁-C₄ alkyl, pyrazinyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, pyridyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, imidazolyl     C₁-C₄ alkyl, furanyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, thienyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, or phenyl     C₁-C₄ alkyl, wherein the cyclic portion of each of the above is     unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, —SO₂—(C₁-C₆)     alkyl, CF₃, OCF₃, NO₂, CN, OH, phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl wherein the phenyl     is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are     independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, CN, halogen,     OH, and alkanoyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl,     C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NR₇R₈, or —C(O)NR₇R₈,     -   wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein         the C₁-C₆ alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups         that are independently C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, C₁-C₆         alkoxy, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), N(C₁-C₆ alkyl)         (C₁-C₆ alkyl) or CO₂H;     -   wherein the heterocycloalkyl portion of R₅ is further optionally         substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or ═N—OCH₃.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds according to embodiments 47, 48, 49, and 49A-49C, wherein R₂₁ is H.

In yet still another aspect, the invention provides compounds according to embodiments 47, 48, 49, and 49A-49C, wherein R₂₁ is CN.

In still yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds according to embodiments 47, 48, 49, and 49A-49C, wherein R₂₁ is amino, monoalkylamino, or dialkylamino.

In yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 47, 48, 49, and 49A-49C, wherein R₂₁ is OH.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 47, 48, 49, and 49A-49C, wherein R₂₁ is phenyl.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 47, 48, 49, and 49A-49C, wherein R₂₁ is pyridyl.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 47, 48, 49, and 49A-49C, wherein R₂₁ is halogen.

In yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 47, 48, 49, and 49A-49C, wherein R₂₁ is phenyl, which is substituted with 1-5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, OH, hydroxyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, haloalkyl (in one aspect, CF₃), or haloalkoxy (in one aspect, OCF₃)).

In yet still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 47, 48, 49, and 49A-49C, wherein R₂₁ is pyridyl or pyrimidyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1-5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, OH, hydroxyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, haloalkyl (in one aspect, CF₃), or haloalkoxy (in one aspect, OCF₃)).

In yet still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 47, 48, 49, and 49A-49C, wherein R₂₁ is indolyl or (iso)quinolinyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1-5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, OH, hydroxyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, haloalkyl (in one aspect, CF₃), or haloalkoxy (in one aspect, OCF₃)).

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 47, 48, 49, and 49A-49C, wherein R₂₁ is C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, or C₂-C₆ alkenyl.

In still yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiments 45 and 45A-45F, wherein R₂₁ is —C(O)NH₂, —C(O)NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), or —C(O)N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 2 include those of Embodiment 50, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 2 where

-   X is —C(O)R₂₀, or —NR_(x)R_(y); wherein     -   R₂₀ is OH or C₁-C₆ alkoxy; and     -   R_(x) and R_(y) are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆         alkoxycarbonyl, phenyl C₁-C₄ alkoxycarbonyl, phenyl, naphthyl,         phenyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, —C(O)-phenyl, —C(O)-naphthyl, pyridyl,         pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, benzofuranyl, indolyl, benzimidazolyl,         thienyl, furanyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, pyridyl C₁-C₆         alkyl, pyrimidyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrazinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl,         benzofuranyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, indolyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, benzimidazolyl         C₁-C₆ alkyl, thienyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, furanyl C₁-C₆ alkyl,         quinolinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, isoquinolinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, or         —C(O)-pyridyl, —C(O)-pyrimidyl, —C(O)-pyrazinyl,         —C(O)-benzofuranyl, —C(O)-indolyl, —C(O)-benzimidazolyl,         —C(O)-thienyl, —C(O)-furanyl, —C(O)-quinolinyl, or         —C(O)-isoquinolinyl, wherein the ring portions of the above are         optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are         independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, CO₂H, NR₆R₇,         —C(O)NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-C(O)NR₆R₇, CF₃,         or OCF₃.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 50 include those of Embodiment 51, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 50 where

-   R₁ is halogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, each of     which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that     are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H,     heteroaryl selected from pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl,     (iso)quinolinyl, indolyl, thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, triazinyl,     1H-indazolyl, and benzimidazolyl, heterocycloalkyl selected from     piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl,     tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, imidazolidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl,     and S,S-dioxomorpholinyl, phenyl, or naphthyl, wherein the     heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, phenyl and naphthyl groups are     optionally substituted with 1 or more groups that are independently     selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃,     CF₃, OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl,     —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, or —C(O)NR₆R₇, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of         each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups         that are independently halogen, OH, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄         haloalkoxy, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆         alkyl);     -   R₁₀ is C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl,         quinolinyl, pyrimidyl, furanyl, indolyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl,         wherein the cyclic portions are optionally substituted with         halogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CO₂H, CN, NO₂, C₁-C₄         haloalkyl, or C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy;     -   wherein the cycloalkyl portion of R₁₀ is further optionally         substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or ═N—OCH₃.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 51 include those of Embodiment 52, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 51 where

-   R₄ and R₅ and the nitrogen to which they are attached form a     piperazinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, thiomorpholinyl,     imidazolidinyl, S,S-dioxothiomorpholinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl,     ring, which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or more groups     that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, phenyl     C₁-C₆ alkyl, naphthyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, OH, ═O, pyridyl,     pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrazinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl,     phenyl, naphthyl, —OCH₂CH₂O—, or —OCH₂O—,     -   wherein the pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl C₁-C₆         alkyl, phenyl and naphthyl groups are unsubstituted or         substituted with 1 or more groups that are independently C₁-C₄         alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, CF₃ or OCF₃.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 52 include those of Embodiment 53, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 52 where

-   R₁ is halogen.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 52 include those of Embodiment 54, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 52 where

-   R₁ is C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, each of which is     unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, CF₃,     OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl,     —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl,     piperidinyl, or phenyl,     -   wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1 or more         groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxy, halogen, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of         each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups         that are independently halogen, OH, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄         haloalkoxy, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆         alkyl);     -   R₁₀ is phenyl or pyridyl, each of which is optionally         substituted with halogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CO₂H,         CN, NO₂, CF₃ or OCF₃.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 54 include those of Embodiment 55, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 54 where

-   R₄ and R₅ and the nitrogen to which they are attached form a     piperazinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, piperidinyl, or pyrrolidinyl     ring, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or more     groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen,     phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, naphthyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, OH, ═O,     pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrazinyl     C₁-C₆ alkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, —OCH₂CH₂O—, or —OCH₂O—.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 55 include those of Embodiment 56, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 55 where

-   R₁ is C₂-C₆ alkynyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, CF₃,     OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl,     —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl,     piperidinyl, or phenyl,     -   wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1 or more         groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxy, halogen, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆         alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of each is         unsubstituted or substituted with 1, or 2 groups that are         independently halogen, OH, CF₃, OCF₃, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or         N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 55 include those of Embodiment 57, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 55 where

-   R₁ is C₁-C₆ alkyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, CF₃,     OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl,     —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl,     piperidinyl, or phenyl,     -   wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1 or more         groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxy, halogen, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆         alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of each is         unsubstituted or substituted with 1, or 2 groups that are         independently halogen, OH, CF₃, OCF₃, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or         N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 55 include those of Embodiment 58, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 55 where

-   R₁ is C₁-C₆ alkenyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, CF₃,     OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl,     —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl,     piperidinyl, or phenyl,     -   wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1 or more         groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxy, halogen, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆         alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of each is         unsubstituted or substituted with 1, or 2 groups that are         independently halogen, OH, CF₃, OCF₃, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or         N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 51 include those of Embodiment 59, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 51 where

-   R₄ and R₅ are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy C₁-C₆     alkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl,     morpholinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, piperidinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrrolidinyl C₁-C₆     alkyl, piperidinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, pyrrolidinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl,     morpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, piperidinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, pyrrolidinyl     C₂-C₆ alkynyl, morpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, phenyl, furanyl, pyridyl,     pyrazinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyridyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, imidazolyl C₁-C₆ alkyl,     furanyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, thienyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, phenyl     C₂-C₆ alkenyl, phenyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, wherein the cyclic portion of     each of the above is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more     groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen,     —SO₂—(C₁-C₆) alkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, NO₂, CN, OH,     phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with     1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄     alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, CN, halogen, OH, and alkanoyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy     C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NR₇R₈, or     —C(O)NR₇R₈,     -   wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein         the C₁-C₆ alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups         that are independently C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, C₁-C₆         alkoxy, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), N(C₁-C₆ alkyl)         (C₁-C₆ alkyl) or CO₂H;     -   wherein the heterocycloalkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of R₄         and R₅ are further optionally substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or         ═N—OCH₃.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 59 include those of Embodiment 60, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 59 where

-   R₁ is C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, each of which is     unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, CF₃,     OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl,     —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl,     piperidinyl, or phenyl,     -   wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1 or more         groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxy, halogen, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of         each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups         that are independently halogen, OH, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄         haloalkoxy, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆         alkyl);     -   R₁₀ is phenyl or pyridyl, each of which is optionally         substituted with halogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CO₂H,         CN, NO₂, CF₃ or OCF₃.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 60 include those of Embodiment 61, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 60 where

-   R₄ and R₅ are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy C₁-C₆     alkyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, morpholinyl C₁-C₆     alkyl, piperidinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrrolidinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, phenyl,     furanyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyridyl C₁-C₆ alkyl,     imidazolyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, furanyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, thienyl C₁-C₆ alkyl,     phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein the cyclic portion of each of the above     is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, —SO₂—(C₁-C₆)     alkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, NO₂, CN, OH, phenyl C₁-C₆     alkyl wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4,     or 5 groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄     alkoxy, CN, halogen, OH, and alkanoyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy C₁-C₆ alkyl,     C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NR₇R₈, or —C(O)NR₇R₈,     -   wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein         the C₁-C₆ alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups         that are independently C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, C₁-C₆         alkoxy, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), N(C₁-C₆ alkyl)         (C₁-C₆ alkyl) or CO₂H;     -   wherein the heterocycloalkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of R₄         and R₅ are further optionally substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or         ═N—OCH₃.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 61 include those of Embodiment 62, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 61 where

-   R₁ is C₂-C₆ alkynyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, CF₃,     OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl,     —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl,     piperidinyl, or phenyl,     -   wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1 or more         groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxy, halogen, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆         alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of each is         unsubstituted or substituted with 1, or 2 groups that are         independently halogen, OH, CF₃, OCF₃, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or         N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 61 include those of Embodiment 63, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 61 where

-   R₁ is C₁-C₆ alkyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, CF₃,     OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl,     —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl,     piperidinyl, or phenyl,     -   wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1 or more         groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxy, halogen, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆         alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of each is         unsubstituted or substituted with 1, or 2 groups that are         independently halogen, OH, CF₃, OCF₃, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or         N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 61 include those of Embodiment 64, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 61 where

-   R₁ is C₁-C₆ alkenyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, CF₃,     OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl,     —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl,     piperidinyl, or phenyl,     -   wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1 or more         groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxy, halogen, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆         alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of each is         unsubstituted or substituted with 1, or 2 groups that are         independently halogen, OH, CF₃, OCF₃, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or         N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 51 include those of Embodiment 65, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 51 where

-   R₄ and P₅ are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, or C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl,     wherein the cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or     more groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy,     halogen, —SO₂—(C₁-C₆) alkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, NO₂,     CN, OH, phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl wherein the phenyl is optionally     substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently     selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, CN, halogen, OH, and     alkanoyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆     alkanoyl, NR₇R₈, or —C(O)NR₇R₈,     -   wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein         the C₁-C₆ alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups         that are independently C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, C₁-C₆         alkoxy, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), N(C₁-C₆ alkyl)         (C₁-C₆ alkyl) or CO₂H; -   wherein the cycloalkyl portion of R₄ and R₅ is further optionally     substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or ═N—OCH₃.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 65 include those of Embodiment 66, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 65 where

-   R₁ is C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, each of which is     unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, CF₃,     OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl,     —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl,     piperidinyl, or phenyl,     -   wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1 or more         groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxy, halogen, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of         each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups         that are independently halogen, OH, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄         haloalkoxy, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆         alkyl);     -   R₁₀ is phenyl or pyridyl, each of which is optionally         substituted with halogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CO₂H,         CN, NO₂, CF₃ or OCF₃.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 66 include those of Embodiment 67, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 66 where

-   R₁ is C₂-C₆ alkynyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, CF₃,     OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl,     —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl,     piperidinyl, or phenyl,     -   wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1 or more         groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxy, halogen, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆         alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of each is         unsubstituted or substituted with 1, or 2 groups that are         independently halogen, OH, CF₃, OCF₃, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or         N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 66 include those of Embodiment 68, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 66 where

-   R₁ is C₁-C₆ alkyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, CF₃,     OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl,     —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl,     piperidinyl, or phenyl,     -   wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1 or more         groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxy, halogen, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆         alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of each is         unsubstituted or substituted with 1, or 2 groups that are         independently halogen, OH, CF₃, OCF₃, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or         N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 66 include those of Embodiment 69, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 66 where

-   R₁ is C₁-C₆ alkenyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, CF₃,     OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl,     —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl,     piperidinyl, or phenyl,     -   wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1 or more         groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxy, halogen, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆         alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of each is         unsubstituted or substituted with 1, or 2 groups that are         independently halogen, OH, CF₃, OCF₃, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or         N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 65 include those of Embodiment 70, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 65 where R₁ is halogen.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 50 include those of Embodiment 70A, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 50 where Z is a bond.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 50 include those of Embodiment 70B, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 50 where Z is —CH₂—.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 50 include those of Embodiment 70C, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 50 where Z is —NH—.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 50 include those of Embodiment 70D, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 50 where Z is —S— or —SO₂—.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 50 include those of Embodiment 70E, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 50 where Z is —N(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-. In another aspect, Z is —N(C₁-C₂ alkyl)-. In still another aspect, Z is —N(C₂-C₃ alkyl)-.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 50 include those of Embodiment 70F, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 50 where Z is —SO₂NH—, or —SO₂N(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 50, wherein R₂₁ is H.

In yet still another aspect, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 50, wherein R₂₁ is CN.

In still yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 50, wherein R₂₁ is amino, monoalkylamino, or dialkylamino.

In yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiment 50, wherein R₂₁ is OH.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiment 50, wherein R₂₁ is phenyl.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiment 50, wherein R₂₁ is pyridyl.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiment 50, wherein R₂₁ is halogen.

In yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiment 50, wherein R₂₁ is phenyl, which is substituted with 1-5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, OH, hydroxyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, haloalkyl (in one aspect, CF₃), or haloalkoxy (in one aspect, OCF₃)).

In yet still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiment 50, wherein R₂₁ is pyridyl or pyrimidyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1-5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, OH, hydroxyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, haloalkyl (in one aspect, CF₃), or haloalkoxy (in one aspect, OCF₃)).

In yet still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiment 50, wherein R₂₁ is indolyl or (iso)quinolinyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1-5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, OH, hydroxyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, haloalkyl (in one aspect, CF₃), or haloalkoxy (in one aspect, OCF₃)).

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiment 50, wherein R₂₁ is C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, or C₂-C₆ alkenyl.

In still yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiment 50, wherein R₂₁ is —C(O)NH₂, —C(O)NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), or —C(O)N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 51 include those of Embodiment 71, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 51 where Z is a bond;

-   R₁ is phenyl, naphthyl, thienyl, furanyl, indolyl, pyridyl,     pyridazinyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, triazolyl, imidazolyl,     benzofuranyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, or     morpholinyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1,     2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen,     C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy,     —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, —C(O)R₁₀,     NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, heteroaryl selected from     pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, indolyl, thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl,     and benzimidazolyl, heterocycloalkyl selected from piperidinyl,     pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, and phenyl, naphthyl,     wherein the heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, phenyl and naphthyl groups     are optionally substituted with or phenyl, which is optionally     substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently     selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, CF₃, and OCF₃,     wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of         each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups         that are independently halogen, OH, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄         haloalkoxy, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆         alkyl); and     -   R₁₀ is C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl,         quinolinyl, pyrimidyl, furanyl, indolyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl,         wherein the cyclic portions are optionally substituted with         halogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CO₂H, CN, NO₂, C₁-C₄         haloalkyl, or C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy;     -   wherein the heterocycloalkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of R₁         and R₁₀ are further optionally substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or         ═N—OCH₃.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 71 include those of Embodiment 72, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 71 where

-   R₄ and R₅ and the nitrogen to which they are attached form a     piperazinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, imidazolidinyl, or     pyrrolidinyl ring, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted     with 1 or more groups that are independently C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄     alkoxy, halogen, phenyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, OH, pyridyl,     pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, pyrazinyl C₁-C₄ alkyl,     phenyl, —OCH₂CH₂O—, —OCH₂O—,     -   wherein the pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl C₁-C₆         alkyl, and phenyl groups are unsubstituted or substituted with 1         or more groups that are independently C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy,         halogen, CF₃ or OCF₃.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 72 include those of Embodiment 73, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 72 where

-   R₁ is phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4,     or 5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆     alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy,     —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, —C(O)R₁₀,     NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl, piperidinyl, or     phenyl, which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups     that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy,     halogen, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and P₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of         each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups         that are independently halogen, OH, CF₃, OCF₃, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆         alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 73 include those of Embodiment 74, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 73 where

-   R₂ and R₃ are both H; and -   R₄ and R₅ and the nitrogen to which they are attached form a     piperazinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, or pyrrolidinyl ring, each of     which is substituted with 1 or more groups that are independently     C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, phenyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₆     alkanoyl, OH, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl C₁-C₄ alkyl,     pyrazinyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, phenyl, —OCH₂CH₂O—, or OCH₂O—.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 72 include those of Embodiment 75, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 72 where

-   R₁ is thienyl, furanyl, indolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidyl,     pyrazinyl, triazolyl, imidazolyl, benzofuranyl, piperidinyl,     pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, or morpholinyl, each of which is     unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, CF₃,     OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl,     NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl, piperidinyl, or     phenyl, which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups     that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy,     halogen, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of         each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups         that are independently halogen, OH, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄         haloalkoxy, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆         alkyl); and     -   wherein the heterocycloalkyl portion of R₁₀ is further         optionally substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or ═N—OCH₃.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 75 include those of Embodiment 76, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 75 where

-   R₂ and R₃ are both H; and -   R₄ and R₅ and the nitrogen to which they are attached form a     piperazinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, or pyrrolidinyl ring, each of     which is substituted with 1 or more groups that are independently     C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, phenyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₆     alkanoyl, OH, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl C₁-C₄ alkyl,     pyrazinyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, phenyl, —OCH₂CH₂O—, or —OCH₂O—.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 76 include those of Embodiment 77, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 76 where

-   R₁ is thienyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 groups that     are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H,     CF₃, OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl,     NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl, piperidinyl, or     phenyl, which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups     that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy,     halogen, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of         each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups         that are independently halogen, OH, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄         haloalkoxy, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆         alkyl).

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 76 include those of Embodiment 78, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 76 where

-   R₁ is benzofuranyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 groups     that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN,     CO₂H, CF₃, OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆     alkanoyl, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl,     piperidinyl, or phenyl, which is optionally substituted with 1, 2,     3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl,     C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of         each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups         that are independently halogen, OH, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄         haloalkoxy, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆         alkyl).

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 71 include those of Embodiment 78, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 71 where

-   R₄ and R₅ are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy C₁-C₆     alkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl,     morpholinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, piperidinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrrolidinyl C₁-C₆     alkyl, piperidinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, pyrrolidinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl,     morpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, piperidinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, pyrrolidinyl     C₂-C₆ alkynyl, morpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, phenyl, furanyl, pyridyl,     pyrazinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyridyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, imidazolyl C₁-C₆ alkyl,     furanyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, thienyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, phenyl     C₂-C₆ alkenyl, phenyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, or C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, wherein     the cyclic portion of each of the above is unsubstituted or     substituted with one or more groups that are independently C₁-C₆     alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, —SO₂—(C₁-C₆) alkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl,     C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, NO₂, CN, OH, phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl wherein the phenyl     is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are     independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, CN, halogen,     OH, and alkanoyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl,     C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NR₇R₈, or —C(O)NR₇R₈,     -   wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein         the C₁-C₆ alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups         that are independently C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, C₁-C₆         alkoxy, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), N(C₁-C₆ alkyl)         (C₁-C₆ alkyl) or CO₂H;     -   wherein the heterocycloalkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of R₄         and R₅ are further optionally substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or         ═N—OCH₃.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 79 include those of Embodiment 80, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 79 where

-   R₁ is phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4,     or 5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆     alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy,     —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, —C(O)R₁₀,     NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl, piperidinyl, or     phenyl, which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups     that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy,     halogen, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of         each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups         that are independently halogen, OH, CF₃, OCF₃, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆         alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 71 include those of Embodiment 80A, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 71 where Z is a bond.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 71 include those of Embodiment 80B, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 71 where Z is —CH₂—.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 71 include those of Embodiment 80C, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 71 where wherein Z is —NH—.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 71 include those of Embodiment 80D, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 71 where Z is —S— or —SO₂—.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 71 include those of Embodiment 80e, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 71 where Z is —N(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-. In another aspect, Z is —N(C₁-C₂ alkyl)-. In still another aspect, Z is —N(C₂-C₃ alkyl)-.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 71 include those of Embodiment 80F, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 71 where Z is —SO₂NH—, or —SO₂N(C₁-C₄alkyl)-.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 71, wherein R₂₁ is H.

In yet still another aspect, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 71, wherein R₂₁ is CN.

In still yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 71, wherein R₂₁ is amino, monoalkylamino, or dialkylamino.

In yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiment 71, wherein R₂₁ is OH.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiment 71, wherein R₂₁ is phenyl.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiment 71, wherein R₂₁ is pyridyl.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiment 71, wherein R₂₁ is halogen.

In yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiment 71, wherein R₂₁ is phenyl, which is substituted with 1-5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, OH, hydroxyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, haloalkyl (in one aspect, CF₃), or haloalkoxy (in one aspect, OCF₃)).

In yet still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiment 71, wherein R₂₁ is pyridyl or pyrimidyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1-5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, OH, hydroxyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, haloalkyl (in one aspect, CF₃), or haloalkoxy (in one aspect, OCF₃)).

In yet still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiment 71, wherein R₂₁ is indolyl or (iso)quinolinyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1-5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, OH, hydroxyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, haloalkyl (in one aspect, CF₃), or haloalkoxy (in one aspect, OCF₃)).

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiment 71, wherein R₂₁ is C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, or C₂-C₆ alkenyl.

In still yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds of embodiment 71, wherein R₂₁ is —C(O)NH₂, —C(O)NH(C₂-C₆ alkyl), or —C(O)N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 71 include those of Embodiment 81, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 71 where

-   R₂ and R₃ are both H; and -   R₄ and R₅ are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy C₁-C₆     alkyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, morpholinyl C₁-C₆     alkyl, piperidinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrrolidinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, phenyl,     furanyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyridyl C₁-C₆ alkyl,     imidazolyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, furanyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, thienyl C₁-C₆ alkyl,     phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein the cyclic portion of each of the above     is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, —SO₂—(C₁-C₆)     alkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, NO₂, CN, OH, phenyl C₁-C₆     alkyl wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4,     or 5 groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄     alkoxy, CN, halogen, OH, and alkanoyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy C₁-C₆ alkyl,     C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NR₇R₈, or —C(O)NR₇R₈,     -   wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein         the C₁-C₆ alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups         that are independently C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, C₁-C₆         alkoxy, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), N(C₁-C₆ alkyl)         (C₁-C₆ alkyl) or CO₂H;     -   wherein the heterocycloalkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of R₄         and R₅ are further optionally substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or         ═N—OCH₃.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 81 include those of Embodiment 82, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 81 where

-   R₁ is thienyl, furanyl, indolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidyl,     pyrazinyl, triazolyl, imidazolyl, benzofuranyl, piperidinyl,     pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, or morpholinyl, each of which is     unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, CF₃,     OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl,     NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl, piperidinyl, or     phenyl, which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups     that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy,     halogen, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of         each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups         that are independently halogen, OH, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄         haloalkoxy, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆         alkyl).

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 82 include those of Embodiment 83, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 82 where

-   R₁ is thienyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 groups that     are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H,     CF₃, OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl,     NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl, piperidinyl, or     phenyl, which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups     that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy,     halogen, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of         each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups         that are independently halogen, OH, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄         haloalkoxy, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆         alkyl).

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 82 include those of Embodiment 84, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 82 where

-   R₁ is benzofuranyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 groups     that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN,     CO₂H, CF₃, OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆     alkanoyl, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, pyridyl,     piperidinyl, or phenyl, which is optionally substituted with 1, 2,     3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl,     C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of         each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups         that are independently halogen, OH, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄         haloalkoxy, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆         alkyl).

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 51 include those of Embodiment 85, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 51 where

-   R₄ and R₅ are independently H, methyl, or —CH₂— (furan-2-yl), or     C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl, wherein the cycloalkyl group is optionally     substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or ═N—OCH₃.

The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of Formula A and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable solvent, carrier, excipient, adjuvant or a combination thereof.

The invention further provides packaged pharmaceutical compositions comprising a pharmaceutical composition of the invention in a container together with instructions on how to use the compound or composition.

The invention further provides methods of treating a disease or condition related to cell differentiation comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula A to a patient in need of such treatment. In another embodiment, the patient is a mammal. In a more preferred embodiment, the mammal is a human.

In preferred methods of the invention, the disease or condition is cancer, inflammation, arthritis, or angiogenesis.

Other preferred compounds of the invention include those of Embodiment 91, i.e., compounds of embodiments 51-85 wherein X is —C(O)R₂₀, and R₂₀ is OH.

Other preferred compounds of the invention include those of Embodiment 92, i.e., compounds of embodiments 51-85, wherein X is —C(O)R₂₀, and R₂₀ is C₁-C₆ alkoxy (in another aspect, C₁-C₄ alkoxy.)

Other preferred compounds of the invention include those of Embodiment 93, i.e., compounds of embodiments 51-85, wherein X is —NR_(x)R_(y); wherein

-   R_(x) and R_(y) are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆     alkoxycarbonyl, phenyl C₁-C₄ alkoxycarbonyl, phenyl, naphthyl,     phenyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, —C(O)-phenyl, or —C(O)-naphthyl, wherein the     phenyl and naphthyl groups are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3,     4, or 5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy,     halogen, CO₂H, NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄     alkyl)-C(O)NR₆R₇, CF₃, or OCF₃; wherein, within the definition of     R_(x) and R_(y),     -   R₆ and R₇ are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxyalkyl,         C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of each is         unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups that are         independently halogen, OH, CF₃, OCF₃, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or         N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl); or     -   R₆ and R₇ and the nitrogen to which they are attached form a         ring having from 5 to 6 members, wherein the ring optionally         contains 1-2 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S,         where the ring is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups         that are independently C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, OH, halogen,         amino, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 93 include those of Embodiment 94, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 93 where

-   R_(x) and R_(y) are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆     alkoxycarbonyl, phenyl C₁-C₄ alkoxycarbonyl, phenyl, phenyl C₁-C₄     alkyl, or —C(O)-phenyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally     substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently     C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, CO₂H, NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄     alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-C(O)NR₆R₇, CF₃, or OCF₃.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 94 include those of Embodiment 95, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 94 where

-   R_(x) and R_(y) are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, benzyl, or     —C(O)-phenyl, wherein the phenyl groups are optionally substituted     with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently C₁-C₄ alkyl,     C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, CO₂H, NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄     alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-C(O)NR₆R₇, CF₃, or OCF₃.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 93 include those of Embodiment 96, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 93 where

-   R_(x) and R_(y) are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyridyl,     pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, benzofuranyl, indolyl, benzimidazolyl,     thienyl, furanyl, quinolinyl, or isoquinolinyl, wherein the ring     portions of the above are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or     5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen,     CO₂H, NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄     alkyl)-C(O)NR₆R₇, CF₃, or OCF₃.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 96 include those of Embodiment 96A, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 96 where

-   R_(x) and R_(y) are independently H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, pyridyl,     pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, thienyl, or furanyl, wherein the ring portions     of the above are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups     that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, CO₂H,     NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-C(O)NR₆R₇,     CF₃, or OCF₃.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 96 include those of Embodiment 96B, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 96 where

-   R_(x), and R_(y) are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, benzofuranyl,     indolyl, benzimidazolyl, quinolinyl, or isoquinolinyl, wherein the     ring portions of the above are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3,     4, or 5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy,     halogen, CO₂H, NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄     alkyl)-C(O)NR₆R₇, CF₃, or OCF₃.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 93 include those of Embodiment 97, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 93 where, wherein

-   R_(x), and R_(y) are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyridyl C₁-C₆     alkyl, pyrimidyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrazinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, benzofuranyl     C₁-C₆ alkyl, indolyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, benzimidazolyl C₁-C₆ alkyl,     thienyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, furanyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, quinolinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, or     isoquinolinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein the ring portions of the above     are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are     independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, CO₂H, NR₆R₇,     —C(O)NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-C(O)NR₆R₇, CF₃, or     OCF₃.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 97 include those of Embodiment 97A, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 97 where

-   R_(x) and R_(y) are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyridyl C₁-C₆     alkyl, pyrimidyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrazinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, thienyl C₁-C₆     alkyl, or furanyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein the ring portions of the     above are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that     are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, CO₂H, NR₆R₇,     —C(O)NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-C(O)NR₆R₇, CF₃, or     OCF₃.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 97 include those of Embodiment 97B, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 97 where

-   R_(x) and R_(y) are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, benzofuranyl C₁-C₆     alkyl, indolyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, benzimidazolyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, quinolinyl     C₁-C₆ alkyl, or isoquinolinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein the ring portions     of the above are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups     that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, CO₂H,     NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-C(O)NR₆R₇,     CF₃, or OCF₃.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 93 include those of Embodiment 98, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 93 where

-   R_(x) and R_(y) are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, —C(O)-pyridyl,     —C(O)-pyrimidyl, —C(O)-pyrazinyl, —C(O)-benzofuranyl, —C(O)-indolyl,     —C(O)-benzimidazolyl, —C(O)-thienyl, —C(O)-furanyl,     —C(O)-quinolinyl, or —C(O)-isoquinolinyl, wherein the ring portions     of the above are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups     that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, CO₂H,     NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-C(O)NR₆R₇,     CF₃, or OCF₃.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 98 include those of Embodiment 98A, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 98 where

-   R_(x) and R_(y) are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, —C(O)-pyridyl,     —C(O)-pyrimidyl, —C(O)-pyrazinyl, —C(O)-thienyl, or —C(O)-furanyl,     wherein the ring portions of the above are optionally substituted     with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl,     C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, CO₂H, NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄     alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-C(O)NR₆R₇, CF₃, or OCF₃.

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 98 include those of Embodiment 98B, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 98 where

-   R_(x) and R_(y) are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl,     —C(O)-benzofuranyl, —C(O)-indolyl, —C(O)-benzimidazolyl,     —C(O)-quinolinyl, or —C(O)-isoquinolinyl, wherein the ring portions     of the above are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups     that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, CO₂H,     NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, -(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-C(O)NR₆R₇,     CF₃, or OCF₃.

Embodiment 99 includes compounds of embodiments 93, 94, 95, 96, 96A, 96B, 97, 97A, 97B, 98, 98A, and 98B, wherein, within the definition of R_(x) and R_(y),

-   R₆ and R₇ and the nitrogen to which they are attached form a ring     having from 5 to 6 members, wherein the ring optionally contains 1-2     additional heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, where the ring is     optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are independently     C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, OH, halogen, amino, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), or     N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

Preferred compounds of Embodiment 99 include those of Embodiment 100, i.e., compounds of Embodiment 99 where, within the definition of R₁, and R_(y).

-   R₆ and R₇ and the nitrogen to which they are attached form a ring     that is pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, oxazolyl,     isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, imidazolidinyl,     pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, or oxazolidinyl,     each of which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that     are independently C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, OH, halogen, amino,     NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

Embodiment 101 includes compounds of embodiments 93, 94, 95, 96, 96A, 96B, 97, 97A, 97B, 98, 98A, and 98B, wherein, within the definition of R_(x) and R_(y),

-   R₆ and R₇ are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆     alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of each is unsubstituted     or substituted with 1, or 2 groups that are independently halogen,     OH, CF₃, OCF₃, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

Embodiment 102 includes compounds of embodiments 93, 94, 95, 96, 96A, 96B, 97, 97A, 97B, 98, 98A, 98B, 99, 100, and 101 wherein, within the definition of R_(x) and R_(y). R_(x) is H or C₁-C₄ alkyl.

In another aspect, the invention provides compounds according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein at least one of A₁ and A₂ is N. In another embodiment, both A₁ and A₂ are N.

In yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds according to any one of the preceding embodiments wherein at least one of

is a double bond. In a more preferred aspect, both

are double bonds.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds according to any one of the preceding embodiments wherein both

are single bonds and A₂ is NH or N(C₁-C₄ alkyl).

In yet still another aspect, at least one of R₂, R₂′ and R₃ is hydrogen. In another aspect, two of R₂, R₂′ and R₃ are hydrogen. In still another aspect, R₂ is methyl or halogen (in still another aspect, the halogen is chloro or bromo.)

In another aspect, R₂, R₂′, R₂₁, and R₃ are hydrogen.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of formula A, wherein R₂₁ is H.

In yet still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of formula A, wherein R₂₁ is CN.

In still yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds of formula A, wherein R₂₁ is amino, monoalkylamino, or dialkylamino.

In yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds of formula A, wherein R₂₁ is OH.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of formula A, wherein R₂₁ is phenyl.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of formula A, wherein R₂₁ is pyridyl.

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of formula A, wherein R₂₁ is halogen.

In yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds of formula A, wherein R₂₁ is phenyl, which is substituted with 1-5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, OH, hydroxyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, haloalkyl (in one aspect, CF₃), or haloalkoxy (in one aspect, OCF₃)).

In yet still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of formula A, wherein R₂₁ is pyridyl or pyrimidyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1-5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, OH, hydroxyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, haloalkyl (in one aspect, CF₃), or haloalkoxy (in one aspect, OCF₃)).

In yet still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of formula A, wherein R₂₁ is indolyl or (iso)quinolinyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1-5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, OH, hydroxyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, haloalkyl (in one aspect, CF₃), or haloalkoxy (in one aspect, OCF₃)).

In still another aspect, the invention provides compounds of formula A, wherein R₂₁ is C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, or C₂-C₆ alkenyl.

In still yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds of formula A, wherein R₂₁ is —C(O)NH₂, —C(O)NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), or —C(O)N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

In another aspect, the invention encompasses a method of treating cancer comprising administering to a patient in need thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable amount of a compound or salt of formula A or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound or salt of formula A.

The term “alkoxy” represents an alkyl group of indicated number of carbon atoms attached to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen bridge. Examples of alkoxy groups include, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy and isopropoxy.

As used herein, the term “alkyl” includes those alkyl groups of a designed number of carbon atoms. Alkyl groups may be straight, or branched. Examples of “alkyl” include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, iso-, sec- and tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, 3-ethylbutyl, and the like.

The term “aryl” refers to an aromatic hydrocarbon ring system containing at least one aromatic ring. The aromatic ring may optionally be fused or otherwise attached to other aromatic hydrocarbon rings or non-aromatic hydrocarbon rings.

Examples of aryl groups include, for example, phenyl, naphthyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene and biphenyl. Preferred examples of aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, and anthracenyl. More preferred aryl groups are phenyl and naphthyl. Most preferred is phenyl.

The term “cycloalkyl” refers to a C₃-C₈ cyclic hydrocarbon. Examples of cycloalkyl include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl. More preferred are C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl groups.

The terms “halogen” or “halo” indicate fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

The term “heterocycloalkyl” refers to a ring or ring system containing at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, wherein said heteroatom is in a non-aromatic ring. The heterocycloalkyl ring is optionally fused to or otherwise attached to other heterocycloalkyl rings and/or non-aromatic hydrocarbon rings and/or phenyl rings. Preferred heterocycloalkyl groups have from 3 to 7 members. More preferred heterocycloalkyl groups have 5 or 6 members. Examples of heterocycloalkyl groups include, for example, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyridinonyl, and pyrazolidinyl. Preferred heterocycloalkyl groups include piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyridinonyl, dihydropyrrolidinyl, and pyrrolidinonyl.

The term “heteroaryl” refers to an aromatic ring system containing at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. The heteroaryl ring may be fused or otherwise attached to one or more heteroaryl rings, aromatic or non-aromatic hydrocarbon rings or heterocycloalkyl rings. Examples of heteroaryl groups include, for example, pyridine, furan, thienyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline and pyrimidines.

Preferred examples of heteroaryl groups include thienyl, benzothienyl, pyridyl, quinolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrimidyl, imidazolyl, benzimidazolyl, furanyl, benzofuranyl, dibenzofuranyl, thiazolyl, benzothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, isothiazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, triazolyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, pyrazolyl, and benzopyrazolyl.

The compounds of this invention may contain one or more asymmetric carbon atoms, so that the compounds can exist in different stereoisomeric forms. These compounds can be, for example, racemates, chiral non-racemic or diastereomers. In these situations, the single enantiomers, i.e., optically active forms, can be obtained by asymmetric synthesis or by resolution of the racemates. Resolution of the racemates can be accomplished, for example, by conventional methods such as crystallization in the presence of a resolving agent; chromatography, using, for example a chiral HPLC column; or derivatizing the racemic mixture with a resolving reagent to generate diastereomers, separating the diastereomers via chromatography, and removing the resolving agent to generate the original compound in enantiomerically enriched form. Any of the above procedures can be repeated to increase the enantiomeric purity of a compound.

When the compounds described herein contain olefinic double bonds or other centers of geometric asymmetry, and unless otherwise specified, it is intended that the compounds include the cis, trans, Z- and E-configurations. Likewise, all tautomeric forms are also intended to be included.

The compounds of general Formula A may be administered orally, topically, parenterally, by inhalation or spray or rectally in dosage unit formulations containing conventional non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants and vehicles. The term parenteral as used herein includes percutaneous, subcutaneous, intravascular (e.g., intravenous), intramuscular, or intrathecal injection or infusion techniques and the like. In addition, there is provided a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a compound of general Formula A and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. One or more compounds of general Formula A may be present in association with one or more non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and/or diluents and/or adjuvants, and if desired other active ingredients. The pharmaceutical compositions containing compounds of general Formula A may be in a form suitable for oral use, for example, as tablets, troches, lozenges, aqueous or oily suspensions, dispersible powders or granules, emulsion, hard or soft capsules, or syrups or elixirs.

Compositions intended for oral use may be prepared according to any method known to the art for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions and such compositions may contain one or more agents selected from the group consisting of sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents and preservative agents in order to provide pharmaceutically elegant and palatable preparations. Tablets contain the active ingredient in admixture with non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipients that are suitable for the manufacture of tablets. These excipients may be for example, inert diluents, such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents, for example, corn starch, or alginic acid; binding agents, for example starch, gelatin or acacia, and lubricating agents, for example magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc. The tablets may be uncoated or they may be coated by known techniques. In some cases such coatings may be prepared by known techniques to delay disintegration and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over a longer period. For example, a time delay material such as glyceryl monosterate or glyceryl distearate may be employed.

Formulations for oral use may also be presented as hard gelatin capsules, wherein the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or as soft gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with water or an oil medium, for example peanut oil, liquid paraffin or olive oil.

Formulations for oral use may also be presented as lozenges.

Aqueous suspensions contain the active materials in admixture with excipients suitable for the manufacture of aqueous suspensions. Such excipients are suspending agents, for example sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydropropyl-methylcellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia; dispersing or wetting agents may be a naturally-occurring phosphatide, for example, lecithin, or condensation products of an alkylene oxide with fatty acids, for example polyoxyethylene stearate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with long chain aliphatic alcohols, for example heptadecaethyleneoxycetanol, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and a hexitol such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example polyethylene sorbitan monooleate. The aqueous suspensions may also contain one or more preservatives, for example ethyl, or n-propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, one or more coloring agents, one or more flavoring agents, and one or more sweetening agents, such as sucrose or saccharin.

Oily suspensions may be formulated by suspending the active ingredients in a vegetable oil, for example arachis oil, olive oil, sesame oil or coconut oil, or in a mineral oil such as liquid paraffin. The oily suspensions may contain a thickening agent, for example beeswax, hard paraffin or cetyl alcohol. Sweetening agents and flavoring agents may be added to provide palatable oral preparations. These compositions may be preserved by the addition of an anti-oxidant such as ascorbic acid.

Dispersible powders and granules suitable for preparation of an aqueous suspension by the addition of water provide the active ingredient in admixture with a dispersing or wetting agent, suspending agent and one or more preservatives. Suitable dispersing or wetting agents or suspending agents are exemplified by those already mentioned above. Additional excipients, for example sweetening, flavoring and coloring agents, may also be present.

Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may also be in the form of oil-in-water emulsions. The oily phase may be a vegetable oil or a mineral oil or mixtures of these. Suitable emulsifying agents may be naturally-occurring gums, for example gum acacia or gum tragacanth, naturally-occurring phosphatides, for example soy bean, lecithin, and esters or partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol, anhydrides, for example sorbitan monooleate, and condensation products of the said partial esters with ethylene oxide, for example polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate. The emulsions may also contain sweetening and flavoring agents.

Syrups and elixirs may be formulated with sweetening agents, for example glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol, glucose or sucrose. Such formulations may also contain a demulcent, a preservative and flavoring and coloring agents. The pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of a sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspension. This suspension may be formulated according to the known art using those suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents that have been mentioned above. The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parentally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example as a solution in 1,3-butanediol. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as oleic acid find use in the preparation of injectables.

The compounds of general Formula A may also be administered in the form of suppositories, e.g., for rectal administration of the drug. These compositions can be prepared by mixing the drug with a suitable non-irritating excipient that is solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will therefore melt in the rectum to release the drug. Such materials include cocoa butter and polyethylene glycols.

Compounds of general Formula A may be administered parenterally in a sterile medium. The drug, depending on the vehicle and concentration used, can either be suspended or dissolved in the vehicle. Advantageously, adjuvants such as local anesthetics, preservatives and buffering agents can be dissolved in the vehicle.

For disorders of the eye or other external tissues, e.g., mouth and skin, the formulations are preferably applied as a topical gel, spray, ointment or cream, or as a suppository, containing the active ingredients in a total amount of, for example, 0.075 to 30% w/w, preferably 0.2 to 20% w/w and most preferably 0.4 to 15% w/w. When formulated in an ointment, the active ingredients may be employed with either paraffinic or a water-miscible ointment base.

Alternatively, the active ingredients may be formulated in a cream with an oil-in-water cream base. If desired, the aqueous phase of the cream base may include, for example at least 30% w/w of a polyhydric alcohol such as propylene glycol, butane-1,3-diol, mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol, polyethylene glycol and mixtures thereof. The topical formulation may desirably include a compound which enhances absorption or penetration of the active ingredient through the skin or other affected areas. Examples of such dermal penetration enhancers include dimethylsulfoxide and related analogs. The compounds of this invention can also be administered by a transdermal device. Preferably topical administration will be accomplished using a patch either of the reservoir and porous membrane type or of a solid matrix variety. In either case, the active agent is delivered continuously from the reservoir or microcapsules through a membrane into the active agent permeable adhesive, which is in contact with the skin or mucosa of the recipient. If the active agent is absorbed through the skin, a controlled and predetermined flow of the active agent is administered to the recipient. In the case of microcapsules, the encapsulating agent may also function as the membrane. The transdermal patch may include the compound in a suitable solvent system with an adhesive system, such as an acrylic emulsion, and a polyester patch. The oily phase of the emulsions of this invention may be constituted from known ingredients in a known manner. While the phase may comprise merely an emulsifier, it may comprise a mixture of at least one emulsifier with a fat or an oil or with both a fat and an oil. Preferably, a hydrophilic emulsifier is included together with a lipophilic emulsifier which acts as a stabilizer. It is also preferred to include both an oil and a fat. Together, the emulsifier(s) with or without stabilizer(s) make-up the so-called emulsifying wax, and the wax together with the oil and fat make up the so-called emulsifying ointment base which forms the oily dispersed phase of the cream formulations. Emulsifiers and emulsion stabilizers suitable for use in the formulation of the present invention include Tween 60, Span 80, cetostearyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, glyceryl monostearate, and sodium lauryl sulfate, among others. The choice of suitable oils or fats for the formulation is based on achieving the desired cosmetic properties, since the solubility of the active compound in most oils likely to be used in pharmaceutical emulsion formulations is very low. Thus, the cream should preferably be a non-greasy, non-staining and washable product with suitable consistency to avoid leakage from tubes or other containers. Straight or branched chain, mono- or dibasic alkyl esters such as di-isoadipate, isocetyl stearate, propylene glycol diester of coconut fatty acids, isopropyl myristate, decyl oleate, isopropyl palmitate, butyl stearate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate or a blend of branched chain esters may be used. These may be used alone or in combination depending on the properties required. Alternatively, high melting point lipids such as white soft paraffin and/or liquid paraffin or other mineral oils can be used.

Formulations suitable for topical administration to the eye also include eye drops wherein the active ingredients are dissolved or suspended in suitable carrier, especially an aqueous solvent for the active ingredients. The antiinflammatory active ingredients are preferably present in such formulations in a concentration of 0.5 to 20%, advantageously 0.5 to 10% and particularly about 1.5% w/w. For therapeutic purposes, the active compounds of this combination invention are ordinarily combined with one or more adjuvants appropriate to the indicated route of administration. If administered per os, the compounds may be admixed with lactose, sucrose, starch powder, cellulose esters of alkanoic acids, cellulose alkyl esters, talc, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, magnesium oxide, sodium and calcium salts of phosphoric and sulfuric acids, gelatin, acacia gum, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and/or polyvinyl alcohol, and then tableted or encapsulated for convenient administration. Such capsules or tablets may contain a controlled-release formulation as may be provided in a dispersion of active compound in hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose. Formulations for parenteral administration may be in the form of aqueous or non-aqueous isotonic sterile injection solutions or suspensions. These solutions and suspensions may be prepared from sterile powders or granules having one or more of the carriers or diluents mentioned for use in the formulations for oral administration. The compounds may be dissolved in water, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethanol, corn oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, benzyl alcohol, sodium chloride, and/or various buffers. Other adjuvants and modes of administration are well and widely known in the pharmaceutical art.

Dosage levels of the order of from about 0.1 mg to about 140 mg per kilogram of body weight per day are useful in the treatment of the above-indicated conditions (about 0.5 mg to about 7 g per patient per day). The amount of active ingredient that may be combined with the carrier materials to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon the host treated and the particular mode of administration. Dosage unit forms will generally contain between from about 1 mg to about 500 mg of an active ingredient. The daily dose can be administered in one to four doses per day. In the case of skin conditions, it may be preferable to apply a topical preparation of compounds of this invention to the affected area two to four times a day.

It will be understood, however, that the specific dose level for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound employed, the age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, time of administration, route of administration, and rate of excretion, drug combination and the severity of the particular disease undergoing therapy.

For administration to non-human animals, the composition may also be added to the animal feed or drinking water. It may be convenient to formulate the animal feed and drinking water compositions so that the animal takes in a therapeutically appropriate quantity of the composition along with its diet. It may also be convenient to present the composition as a premix for addition to the feed or drinking water. Preferred non-human animals include domesticated animals.

The compounds of the present invention may be prepared by use of known chemical reactions and procedures. Representative methods for synthesizing compounds of the invention are presented below. It is understood that the nature of the substituents required for the desired target compound often determines the preferred method of synthesis. All variable groups of these methods are as described in the generic description if they are not specifically defined below.

Methods of Preparation

General Procedure for Amide Coupling Reactions:

R₆ and R₇ are as defined above.

To 1 equiv. of carboxylic acid in DMF is added 1 equiv. of the appropriate amine. The reaction mixture is stirred and cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath. 1 equiv. of diethylcyanophosphonate and 2 equiv. of triethylamine are then added. After stirring for 10 minutes at 0° C., the reaction mixture is removed from the ice bath and stirred at room temperature for 18-24 hours. Once the reaction was complete, as determined by LC/MS, the reaction is concentrated to dryness. The resulting residue is dissolved in DCM (15 mL) and washed with 0.1N HCl (1×15 mL) and water (2×15 mL). The organic layer is then dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to afford the crude product, which is purified via column chromatography to yield the final product.

One of skill in the art will appreciate that other methods of forming an amide bond are available. For example, the acid may be converted to an acid chloride or an acid anhydride and then treated with the amine. Or, the acid may be treated with one or more coupling reagents, such as DCC (dicyclohexyl carbodiimide), DIC (1,3 diisopropyl carbodiimide), EDCI (1-ethyl-3-(3′-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride), BBC (1-benzotriazol-1-yloxy-bis(pyrrolidino)uronium hexafluorophosphate), BDMP (5-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-3,4-dihydro-1-methyl 2H-pyrrolium hexachloroanitimonate), BOMI (benzotriazol-1-yloxy-N,N-dimethylmethaniminium hexachloroantimonate), HATU (O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate), HAPyU=O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-bis(tetramethylene)uronium hexafluorophosphate, HBTU=O-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate, TAPipU=O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-bis(pentamethylene)uronium etrafluoroborate, AOP (O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate), BDP (benzotriazol-1-yl diethyl phosphate), BOP (1-benzotriazolyoxytris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate), PyAOP (7-azobenzotriazolyoxytris(pyrrolidino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate), PyBOP (1-benzotriazolyoxytris(pyrrolidino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate), TDBTU (2-(3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin-3-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate), TNTU (2-(5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboximido)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate), TPTU (2-(2-oxo-1(2H)-pyridyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate), TSTU (2-succinimido-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate), BEMT (2-bromo-3-ethyl-4-methyl thiazolium tetrafluoroborate), BOP-Cl (bis(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)phosphinic chloride), BroP (bromotris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate), BTFFH (bis(tetramethylenefluoroformamidinium) hexafluorophosphate), ClP (2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolidinium hexafluorophosphate), DEPBT (3-(diethoxyphosphoryloxy)-1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-one), Dpp-Cl (diphenylphosphinic chloride), EEDQ (2-ethoxy-1-ethoxycarbonyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline), FDPP (pentafluorophenyl diphenylphosphinate), HOTT (S-(1-oxido-2-pyridinyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethylthiouronium hexafluorophosphate), PyBroP (bromotris(pyrrolydino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate), PyCloP (chlorotris(pyrrolydino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate), TFFH (tetramethylfluoroformamidinium hexafluorophosphate), TOTT (S-(1-oxido-2-pyridinyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethylthiouronium tetrafluoroborate). General Procedure for Sonogashira Couplings:

-   R carries the same definition as R₄; -   R′ is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl,     halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄     haloalkoxy, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆     alkanoyl, —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, (C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, phenyl,     or naphthyl, wherein the phenyl and naphthyl groups are optionally     substituted with 1 or more groups that are independently selected     from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of         each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups         that are independently halogen, OH, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄         haloalkoxy, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆         alkyl); or     -   R₆ and R₇ and the nitrogen to which they are attached form a         ring having from 5 to 8 members, wherein the ring optionally         contains 1-3 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S,         where the ring is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups         that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, OH,         amino, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

A 8-Bromo-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide, an optionally substituted acetylene (2.5 equiv), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0) (5 mol %), copper (I) iodide (25 mol %), and potassium carbonate (3.0 equiv) are dissolved in 5:1 DME:water. The reaction vessel is purged with N₂ and stirred overnight at approximately 50° C. The solvent is removed in vacuo and the residue purified by preparative TLC, or other methods known to those skilled in the art. General Procedure for Buchwald-Type Couplings:

-   R′ is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl,     halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄     haloalkoxy, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆     alkanoyl, —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, phenyl,     or naphthyl, wherein the phenyl and naphthyl groups are optionally     substituted with 1 or more groups that are independently selected     from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein     -   each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of         each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups         that are independently halogen, OH, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄         haloalkoxy, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆         alkyl); or     -   R₆ and R₇ and the nitrogen to which they are attached form a         ring having from 5 to 8 members, wherein the ring optionally         contains 1-3 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S,         where the ring is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups         that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, OH,         amino, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl).

A microwave pressure vial (Personal Chemistry) is charged with an 8-bromo-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide (1 equiv.), an optionally substituted aniline or aminoheterocycle (4.0 equiv.), bis(dibenzylideneacetone) palladium (0) (7 mol %), 2-(dicyclohexylphosphino) biphenyl (14 mol %), and sodium tert-butoxide (2.0 equiv). The reagents are suspended in toluene to a concentration of 0.5 M (with regards to naphthyridine). The vessel is purged with N₂ and then the reaction mixture is heated to 110° C. via microwave radiation. After 420 seconds, the reaction vessel is allowed to cool to room temperature and then filtered through a plug of glass wool. The resulting filtrate is concentrated and purified by preparatory TLC, or other methods known to those skilled in the art.

Those having skill in the art will recognize that the starting materials and reaction conditions may be varied, the sequence of the reactions altered, and additional steps employed to produce compounds encompassed by the present invention, as demonstrated by the following examples. In some cases, protection of certain reactive functionalities may be necessary to achieve some of the above transformations. In general, the need for such protecting groups as well as the conditions necessary to attach and remove such groups will be apparent to those skilled in the art of organic synthesis.

The disclosures of all articles and references mentioned in this application, including patents, are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

Structures were named using Name Pro IUPAC Naming Software, version 5.09, available from Advanced Chemical Development, Inc., 90 Adelaide Street West, Toronto, Ontario, M5H 3V9, Canada or with ChemDraw v. 6.02, which is available from Cambridgesoft.com in Cambridge, Mass.

General Procedure for Suzuki Coupling Reactions:

1 equiv. 8-bromo-2-substituted-1,6-naphthyridine, 0.02 equiv. dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (II), 1 equiv. boronic acid, 1.5 equiv. sodium carbonate and 7:3:2 DME:H₂O:EtOH (2-4 mL) are combined in a microwavable reaction tube. The tube is sealed and irradiated in the microwave at 140° C. for 500 seconds. The resulting reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature and diluted with water (˜10-15 mL).

If final compound contains an acid, the reaction mixture is acidified to pH 6-7 with 1N HCl, and filtered. The resulting solid is washed with water (˜50 mL), dried, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to afford the crude product, which is purified by methods known in the art.

If final compound does not contain an acid, the aqueous layer is extracted with dichloromethane (4×20 mL). The dichloromethane layers are combined, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford the crude product, which is purified by methods known in the art.

CHEMISTRY EXAMPLES

The preparation of intermediates and compounds of the invention is illustrated further by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention in scope or spirit to the specific procedures and compounds described in them. In all cases, unless otherwise specified, the column chromatography is performed using a silica gel solid phase.

Example 1 Preparation of 8-Bromo-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (2)

The starting acid, 8-Bromo-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (1), is prepared essentially according to the procedure described in J. Med. Chem. 1999, 42, 3023-3025 and the references cited therein.

8-Bromo-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (2) is prepared by combining compound 1 (1 equiv.), cesium carbonate (1.1 equiv.) and methyl iodide (1.1 equiv.) in DMF (10 mL) and stirring for 16 hrs. at room temperature. The reaction is concentrated in vacuo to give a brown solid, which is dissolved in EtOAc (50 mL) and washed with water (2×50 mL). The EtOAc layer is dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to afford a purple solid.

The crude product is purified via silica gel chromatography (EtOAc) to yield (2) as a yellow solid, 65%, LC/MS (M+H) 269.0.

Example 2 Preparation of 8-Bromo-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (furan-2-ylmethyl)-amide (3)

8-Bromo-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (1) is stirred in DMF (20 mL) and furfurylamine (1 equiv.) is added. The reaction mixture is cooled to 0° C. (ice bath) and diethylcyanophosphonate (1 equiv.) is added followed immediately by triethylamine (2 equiv.). The reaction mixture is removed from the ice bath and stirred at room temperature for 26 hrs. The mixture is diluted with water (50 mL) and extracted with methylene chloride (3×50 mL). The combined organic layers are dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to afford a tan solid, which is purified via silica gel chromatography (1:1; hexanes:EtOAc to 1:3.) LC/MS (M+H) 332.1.

Example 3 Preparation of 5-{2-[(Furan-2-ylmethyl)carbamoyl]-[1,6]naphthyridin-8-yl}thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (4)

Compound 3 (above, 1 equiv.), 5(dihydroxylboryl)-2-thiophene carboxylic acid (1 equiv.), dichloro(bistriphenylphosphine)palladium (II) (0.02 equiv.), and sodium carbonate (1.5 equiv.) are combined with 7:3:2; DME:water:methanol (4 mL) in a microwavable reaction tube. The reaction mixture is irradiated in the microwave at 140° C. for 300 seconds and then cooled to room temperature. The crude mixture is concentrated in vacuo, affording a green-brown solid. Purification via silica gel chromatography (EtOAc to 4:1; EtOAc:methanol containing 1% acetic acid) affords a bright yellow solid. LC/MS (M+H) 340.2.

Example 4

The following compounds are prepared essentially according to the procedures described above. Ex. No. Name Data Structure 5 8-[5-(2-Dimethylamino- ethylcarbamoyl)-thiophen-2- yl]-[1,6]naphthyridine-2- carboxylic acid (furan-2- ylmethyl)-amide brownish- yellow solid: LC/MS (M + H) 450.6

6 8-[5-(2-Diethylamino- brownish- ethylcarbamoyl)-thiophen-2- yellow yl]-[1,6]naphthyridine-2- solid; LC/MS carboxylic acid (furan-2- (M + H) ylmethyl)-amide 478.3. 7 8-Bromo-[1,6] yellow naphthyridine-2-carboxylic solid; LC/MS acid cyclopropylamide (M + H) 293.1 8 5-(2-Cyclopropylcarbamoyl- bright [1,6]naphthyridin-8-yl)- yellow thiophene-2-carboxylic acid solid, LC/MS (M + H) 340.2. 9 8-[5-(2-Dimethylamino- yellow ethylcarbamoyl)-thiophen-2- pseudo- yl]-[1,6-naphthyridine-2- solid, LC/MS carboxylic acid (M + H) cyclopropylamide 410.4. 10 8-[5-(2-Diethylamino- yellow ethylcarbamoyl)-thiophen-2- solid, yl]-[1,6]naphthyridine-2- LC/MS carboxylic acid (M + H) cyclopropylamide 438.3.

Example 11 Preparation of 8-Bromo-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid chloride

Oxalyl chloride (1.5 equiv.) is added drop wise to a slurry of 8-Bromo-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (1 equiv., in 20 mL DMF) at 0° C. (ice bath) and stirred for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture is removed from the ice bath, stirred at room temperature for 3 h and then concentrated in vacuo to give a greenish colored solid, which is used immediately without further purification.

Example 12 Preparation of 8-Bromo-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

2.0 M Methylamine in ethanol is added to compound 11 and the reaction mixture is stirred for 20 h at room temperature. The reaction is concentrated in vacuo to give a greenish-brown solid that is purified via silica gel chromatography (EtOAc) to give compound 12 as a yellow solid, LC/MS (M+H) 266.9.

Example 13 Preparation of 5-(2-Methylcarbamoyl-[1,6]naphthyridin-8-yl)-thiophene-2-carboxylic acid

The desired compound is prepared essentially using the procedure described in Example 3. The product is a yellow solid, LC/MS (M+H) 314.16.

Example 14 Preparation of 5-(2-Methylcarbamoyl-[1,6]naphthyridin-8-yl)-thiophene-2-carboxylic acid chloride

The desired compound is prepared essentially using the procedure described in Example 11. The product is a yellow paste that is used immediately without further purification.

Example 15 Preparation of 5-(2-Methylcarbamoyl-[1,6]naphthyridin-8-yl)-thiophene-2-carboxylic acid amide

The compound is prepared by stirring compound 14 in 7N ammonia in methanol (8 mL) at room temperature for 19 h. The reaction mixture is concentrated in vacuo to afford a crude yellow solid. Purification via silica gel chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH/NH₄OH 80/18/2) affords the desired compound as a bright yellow solid, LC/MS (M+H) 313.4. Preparation 1

8-Thiophen-2-yl-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (furan-2-ylmethyl)-amide (1.0 equiv.) was stirred in methylene chloride (2.0 mL) under nitrogen at 0° C. (ice bath) and meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (1.0 equiv.) was added over 10 minutes. The reaction was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 18 hours. LC/MS indicated the N-oxide as the major product. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to afford an orange solid and used in the next reaction without further purification. LC/MS (M+H) 352.2.

Preparation 2

6-A-Oxo-8-thiophen-2-yl-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (furan-2-ylmethyl)-amide (1.0 equiv.) was combined with phosphorous oxychloride (8.0 mL) and refluxed for 2 hours and stirred an additional 18 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture was poured onto ice (25 g) and stirred for 20 minutes. The resulting brown precipitate was filtered to yield the product as a brown solid. LC/MS (M+H) 370.2.

Preparation 3

5-Chloro-8-thiophen-2-yl-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (furan-2-ylmethyl)-amide (1.0 equiv.) was combined with methylamine (10 equiv., 2.0 M in methanol) and irradiated in a microwave at 100° C. for 600 seconds. The reaction mixture was diluted with methanol (5 mL) and sonicated. The insolubles were filtered and the filtrate was evaporated to dryness to yield the expected product as an orange oil. LC/MS (M+H) 365.2.

The following compounds are prepared essentially according to the methods and procedures described above. Ex. No. Name Data 16 5-(2-Methylcarbamoyl-[1, 6]naphthyridin-8-yl)- thiophene-2-carboxylic acid methylamide bright yellow solid, LC/MS (M + H) 327.4.

17 8-[5-(3-Morpholin-4-yl- yellow solid, propylcarbamoyl)-thiophen- LC/MS 2-yl]-[1,6]naphthyridine- (M + H) 2-carboxylic acid 440.3. methylamide 18 8-Thiophen-3-yl[1,6]- tan solid, naphthyridine-2-carboxylic LC/MS acid (M + H) 571.1 19 8-Thiophen-3-yl[1,6]- orange solid, napthyridine-2-carboxylic LC/MS acid (furan-2-ylmethyl)- (M + H) amide 336.2. 20 8-Thiophen-3-yl[1,6]- orange solid, naphthyridine-2-carboxylic LC/MS acid furan-2-ylmethyl- (M + H) methyl-amide 351.2. 21 8-Thiophen-3-yl[1,6]- naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid cyclopropylamide light, yellow solid, LC/MS (M + H) 296.2.

22 8-Thiophen-3-yl[1,6]- tan solid, naphthyridine-2-carboxylic LC/MS acid methylamide (M + H) 270.1. 23 8-Thiophen-3-yl[1,6]- light, yellow naphthyridine-2-carboxylic solid, 58% acid (2-hydroxy- LC/MS cyclohexyl)amide (M + H) 354.2. 24 8-Thiophen-3-yl[1,6]- white solid, naphthyridine-2-carboxylic LC/MS (M + H) acid (2-oxo- 354.2. cyclohexyl)amide prepared via Dess-Martin oxidation of compound 23 25 8-Thiophen-3-yl[1,6]- off-white naphthyridine-2- solid, 27% carboxylic acid amide LC/MS (M + H) 256.3. Prepared from compound 18 26 8-Thiophen-3-yl- [1,6]naphthyridine-2- carboxylic acid (tetrahydro-furan-2- ylmethyl)-amide off-white solid, LC/MS (M + H) 340.2.

27 8-Phenyl[1,6]- yellow solid, naphthyridine-2-carboxylic LC/MS (M + H) acid 251.2. 28 8-Phenyl[1,6]- orange psuedo- naphthyridine-2-carboxylic solid, LC/MS acid (furan-2-ylmethyl)- (M + H) 330.2. amide 29 8-Phenyl[1,6]- orange psuedo- naphthyridine-2-carboxylic solid, 73%, acid furan-2-ylmethyl- LC/MS (M + H) methyl-amide 344.3. 30 8-Phenyl[1,6]- white solid, naphthyridine-2-carboxylic LC/MS (M + H) acid cyclopropylamide 290.2. 31 8-Phenyl[1,6]- LC/MS (M + H) naphthyridine-2-carboxylic 250.2. acid amide 32 8-Bromo[1,6]- light, yellow naphthyridine-2-carboxylic solid, LC/MS acid (2-hydroxy- (M + H) 350.2. cyclohexyl)amide 33 8-Bromo[1,6]- naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (2-oxo- cyclohexyl)amide white solid, LC/MS (M + H) 348.1. prepared via Dess-Martin oxidation of compound 32

34 8-Phenyl[1,6]- white solid, naphthyridine-2-carboxylic LC/MS (M + H) acid (2-hydroxy- 348.3. cyclohexyl)amide 35 8-Phenyl[1,6]- off white naphthyridine-2-carboxylic solid, LC/MS acid (2-oxo- (M + H) 346.1. cyclohexyl)amide

Example 36

Preparation of 8-(3-Hydroxy-prop-1-ynyl-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid cyclopropylamide

8-Bromo-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid cyclopropylamide, acetylene (2.5 equiv), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0) (5 mol %), copper (I) iodide (25 mol %), and potassium carbonate (3.0 equiv) are dissolved in 5:1 DME:water. The reaction vessel is purged with N₂ and stirred overnight at 50° C. The solvent is removed in vacuo and the residue purified by preparative TLC (EtOAc) to afford the desired product as an off-white solid, LC/MS (M+H) 268.2. Ex. No. Name Data 37 8-(3-Hydroxy-prop-1- ynyl-[1, 6]naphthyridine-2- carboxylic acid amide off-white solid, LC/MS (M + H) 228.2.

38 8-(3-Hydroxy-prop-1- off-white ynyl-[1, solid, LC/MS 6]naphthyridine-2- (M + H) 308.2. carboxylic acid (furan- 2-ylmethyl)amide 39 (3-{2-[(Furan-2- off-white ylmethyl)-carbamoyl]- solid, LC/MS [1,6]naphthyridin-8- (M + H) 407.3. yl}-prop-2-ynyl)- carbamic acid tert- butyl ester 40 8-Phenylethynyl-[1, off-white 6]naphthyridine-2- solid, LC/MS carboxylic acid (furan- (M + H) 354.2. 2-ylmethyl)-amide 41 8-Ethynyl-[1, off-white 6]naphthyridine-2- solid, LC/MS carboxylic acid (furan- (M + H) 278.1. 2-ylmethyl)-amide

The following compounds were prepared essentially according to the method described for the Buchwald-type coupling. Ex. No. Name Data 42 8-(4-Methoxy- phenylamino)-[1, 6]naphthyridine-2- carboxylic acid (furan-2-ylmethyl)- amide off-white solid, LC/MS (M + H) 375.2.

43 8-para-Tolyamino- off-white [1,6]naphthyridine- solid, 2-carboxylic acid LC/MS (furan-2-ylmethyl)- (M + H) amide 359.2. 44 8-Phenylamino- off-white [1,6]naphthyridine- solid, 2-carboxylic acid LC/MS (furan-2-ylmethyl)- (M + H) amide 345.2. 45 8-(3- off-white Trifluoromethyl- solid, phenylamino0-[1, LC/MS 6]naphthyridine-2- (M + H) carboxylic acid 413.2. (furan-2-ylmethyl)- amide 46 8-(4- off-white Trifluoromethyl- solid, phenylamino)-[1, LC/MS 6]naphthyridine-2- (M + H) carboxylic acid 413.2. (furan-2-ylmethyl)- amide 47 8-(Pyridin-3- ylamino)-[1, 6]naphthyridine-2- carboxylic acid (furan-2-ylmethyl)- amide off-white solid, LC/MS (M + H) 346.2.

48 8-(Pyridin-4- off-white ylamino)-[1, solid, 6]naphthyridine-2- LC/MS carboxylic acid (M + H) (furan-2-ylmethyl)- 346.2. amide 49 8-(Pyrazin-2- off-white ylamino)-[1, solid, 6]naphthyridine-2- LC/MS carboxylic acid (M + H) (furan-2-ylmethyl)- 347.2. amide 50 8-(3,5-Dichloro- off-white phenylamino)-[1, solid, 6]naphthyridine-2- LC/MS carboxylic acid (M + H) (furan-2-ylmethyl)- 413.2. amide 51 8-(4-Methoxy- off-white phenylamino)-[1, solid, 6]naphthyridine-2- LC/MS carboxylic acid (M + H) cyclopropylamide 335.3. 52 8-(3,5-Dichloro- phenylamino)-[1, 6]naphthyridine-2- carboxylic acid cyclopropylamide off-white solid, LC/MS (M + H) 373.2.

53 8-(4-Methoxy- off-white phenylamino)-[1, solid, 6]naphthyridine-2- LC/MS carboxylic acid (M + H) amide 291.1. 54 8-[(Furan-2- yellow ylmethyl)-amino]-[1, solid, 6]naphthyridine-2- LC/MS carboxylic acid (M + H) (furan-2-ylmethyl)- 389.3. amide 55 8-[(Pyridin-4- yellow ylmethyl)-amino]-[1, solid, 6]naphthyridine-2- LC/MS carboxylic acid (M + H) (furan-2-ylmethyl)- 360.3. amide 56 8-[(Pyridin-2- yellow ylmethyl)-amino]-[1, solid, 6]naphthyridine-2- LC/MS carboxylic acid (M + H) (furan-2-ylmethyl)- 360.3. amide 57 8-[(Pyridin-3- ylmethyl)-amino]-[1, 6]naphthyridine-2- carboxylic acid (furan-2-ylmethyl)- amide yellow solid, LC/MS (M + H) 360.3.

58 8-(3-Methoxy- yellow benzylamino)-[1, solid, 6]naphthyridine-2- LC/MS carboxylic acid (M + H) (furan-2-ylmethyl)- 389.2. amide 59 8-Cyclopropylamino- yellow [1,6]naphthyridine- solid, 2-carboxylic acid LC/MS (furan-2-ylmethyl)- (M + H) amide 309.2. 60 8-Prop-2-ynylamino- yellow [1,6]naphthyridine- solid, 2-carboxylic acid LC/MS (furan-2-ylmethyl)- (M + H) amide 307.2. 61 8-(2-Oxo-pyrrolidin-1- yellow yl)-[1,6]naphthyridine- solid, 2-carboxylic acid LC/MS (furan-2-ylmethyl)- (M + H) amide 337.3.

Example 62 Preparation of (8-Bromo-[1,6]naphthyridin-2-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester

8-Bromo-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (1 equiv.) is suspended in tert-butanol (20 mL). Triethylamine (1.1 equiv.) and diphenylphosphoryl azide (1.1 equiv.) are added and the reaction is warmed to reflux. After refluxing for 2.5 hours, the reaction is allowed to cool and half the solvent is removed by rotary evaporation. The residue is dissolved in ethyl acetate (200 mL) and washed with saturated NaHCO₃ (50 mL). The organic phase is dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford the crude product. Silica gel chromatography (1:1 EtOAc:hexanes) affords the desired BOC amine as a solid, LC/MS (M+H) 324.1.

Example 63 Preparation of 8-Bromo-[1,6]naphthyridin-2-ylamine dihydrochloride

(8-Bromo-[1,6]naphthyridin-2-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (1 equiv.) is suspended in methanol (10 mL). Acetyl chloride (ca. 1 mL) is added over 1 minute. After the reaction mixture cools to ambient temperature, the solvent is brought briefly to reflux using a heat gun. The heat gun is applied twice more, at which point TLC (1:1 EtOAc:hexanes) indicated complete reaction. Concentration, followed by trituration twice with dry methanol affords the title compound as a white solid, LC/MS (M+H) 224.1.

Example 64

Preparation of 1, 2,3,4-Tetrahydro-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester

[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (1 equiv.) and methanol (anhydrous, 5 mL) were combined in a reaction vessel under nitrogen atmosphere. Palladium, 5% wt. on calcium carbonate (1 equiv.) was added and hydrogen gas was bubbled through the solution via balloon for 12 h. The reaction was passed through a short plug of silica to remove the catalyst and the silica plug was washed with 20% methanol in DCM. The solvent was removed in vacuo to yield the title compound as a brown solid weighing 12 mg (59%).

The following compounds are prepared essentially according to the methods, examples, and procedures described above. Ex. No. Structure Name 65 methyl 8-bromo-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxylate 66 8-(3-thienyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxylic acid 67

N-cyclopropyl-8-[5-({[2- (diethylamino)ethyl]amino}carbonyl)-2-thienyl]- 1,6-naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 68 8-phenyl-1,6- napthyridine-2- carboxylic acid 69 N-(2-furylmethyl)-8-{[4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino}- 1,6-naphthyridine- 2-carboxamide 70 N-(2-furylmethyl)-8-[(4- methylphenyl)amino]-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 71 8-anilino-N-(2- furylmethyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 72

N-(2-furylmethyl)-8-{[3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino}-1,6-naphthyridine- 2-carboxamide 73 N-(2-furylmethyl)-8-[(4- methylphenyl)amino]-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 74 N-(2-furylmethyl)-8-(3- hydroxyprop-1-yn-1-yl)- 1,6-naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 75 8-(5-carboxy-2-thienyl)- 1,6-naphthyridine-2- carboxylic acid 76 8-bromo-N-(2- oxocyclohexyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 77

N-(2-furylmethyl)-8- (pyridin-3-ylamino)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 78 tert-butyl [3-(2-{[(2- furylmethyl)amino]carbonyl}- 1,6-naphthyridin-8- yl)prop-2-yn-1- yl]carbamate 79 N-(2-furylmethyl)-8- (pyridin-4-ylamino)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 80 8-bromo-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 81 8-[5-({[2- (diethylamino)ethyl]amino} carbonyl)-2-thienyl]-N- (2-furylmethyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 82

8-[5-({[2- (diethylamino)ethyl]amino}carbonyl)-2-thienyl]-N- (2-furylmethyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 83 N-cyclopropyl-8-[5-({[2- (dimethylamino)ethyl]amino} carbonyl)-2-thienyl]- 1,6-naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 84 diethyl N-(4-{[(8-bromo- 1,6-naphthyridin-2- yl)carbonyl]amino}benzoyl) glutamate 85 N-(2-furylmethyl)-8- (pyrazin-2-ylamino)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 86 N-(2-oxocyclohexyl)-8-(3- thienyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 87

N-(2-oxocyclohexyl)-8- phenyl-1,6-naphthyridine- 2-carboxamide 88 8-(3-hydroxyprop-1-yn-1- yl)-1,6-naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 89 N-cyclopropyl-8-(3- hydroxyprop-1-yn-1-yl)- 1,6-naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 90 N-(2-furylmethyl)-8- (phenylethynyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 91 8-ethynyl-N-(2- furylmethyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 92

N-cyclopropyl-8-[(4- methoxyphenyl)amino]-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 93 8-bromo-N-cyclopropyl- 1,6-naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 94 8-bromo-N-(2- furylmethyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 95 N-(2-furylmethyl)-8-(3- thienyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 96 N-cyclopropyl-8-(3- thienyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 97

5-{2- [(cyclopropylamino) carbonyl]-1,6-naphthyridin-8- yl}thiophene-2-carboxylic acid 98 5-(2-{[(2- furylmethyl)amino]carbonyl}- 1,6-naphthyridin-8- yl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid 99 N-methyl-8-(3-thienyl)- 1,6-naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 100 8-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N- [(5-methylpyrazin-2- yl)methyl]-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 101 8-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2- (morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)- 1,6-naphthyridine 102

2-[(4-benzylpiperazin-1- yl)carbonyl]-8-(4- methoxyphenyl)-1,6- naphthyridine 103 8-phenyl-2-(piperidin-1- ylcarbonyl)-1,6- naphthyridine 104 N-(3-morpholin-4- ylpropyl)-8-(3-thienyl)- 1,6-naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 105 2-(morpolin-4- ylcarbonyl)-8-(3- thienyl)-1,6- naphthyridine 106 N-[4- (methylsulfonyl)benzyl]- 8-(3-thienyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 107

8-(3-thienyl)-N-{[6- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin- 3-yl]methyl}-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 108 1-{[8-(3-thienyl)-1,6- naphthyridin-2- yl]carbonyl}piperidin-4- ol 109 N-(2-methoxyethyl)-8-(3- thienyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 110 N-cyclopropyl-8-(3- thienyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 111 8-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(3- morpholin-4-ylpropyl)- 1,6-naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 112

N-[3-(1 H-imidazol-1- yl)propyl]-8-(4- methoxyphenyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 113 8-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N- (pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 114 8-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2- (piperidin-1-ylcarbonyl)- 1,6-naphthyridine 115 N-benzyl-8-(4- methoxyphenyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 116 8-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(2- phenylethyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 117

8-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2- [(4-pyridin-2- ylpiperazin-1- yl)carbonyl]-1,6- naphthyridine 118 N-(1-benzylpiperidin-4- yl)-8-(4-methoxyphenyl)- 1,6-naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 119 N-(2-methoxybenzyl)-8-(4- methoxyphenyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 120 N-[4- (dimethylamino)benzyl]-8- (4-methoxyphenyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 121 8-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-[4- (methylsulfonyl)benzyl]- 1,6-naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 122

8-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N- {[6- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin- 3-yl]methyl}-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 123 N-(3-morpholin-4- ylpropyl)-8-phenyl-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 124 N-[3-(1 H-imidazol-1- yl)propyl]-8-phenyl-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 125 N-[(5-methylpyrazin-2- yl)methyl]-8-phenyl-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 126

2-(1,4-dioxa-8- azaspiro[4.5]dec-8- ylcarbonyl)-8-phenyl-1,6- naphthyridine 127 8-phenyl-N-(pyridin-4- ylmethyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 128 2-(morpholin-4- ylcarbonyl)-8-phenyl-1,6- naphthyridine 129 N-benzyl-8-phenyl-1,6- naphthridine-2- carboxamide 130 8-phenyl-N-(2- phenylethyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 131

8-phenyl-2-[(4-pyridin-2- ylpiperazin-1- yl)carbonyl]-1,6- naphthyridine 132 N-(4-chlorobenzyl)-8- phenyl-1,6-naphthyridine- 2-carboxamide 133 2-[(4-benzylpiperazin-1- yl)carbonyl]-8-phenyl- 1,6-naphthyridine 134 N-(1-benzylpiperadin-4- yl)-8-phenyl-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 135 N-(2-methoxybenzyl)-8- phenyl-1,6-naphthyridine- 2-carboxamide 136

N-[4- (methylsulfonyl)benzyl]- 8-phenyl-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 137 8-phenyl-N-{[6- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin- 3-yl]methyl}-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 138 N-(2-isopropoxybenzyl)-8- phenyl-1,6-naphthyridine- 2-carboxamide 139 N-[3-(1 H-imidazol-1- yl)propyl]-8-(3-thienyl)- 1,6-naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 140 2-(1,4-dioxa-8- azaspriro[4.5]dec-8- ylcarbonyl)-8-(3- thienyl)-1,6- naphthyridine 141

N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-8- (3-thienyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 142 2-(piperidin-1- ylcarbonyl)-8-(3- thienyl)-1,6- naphthyridine 143 N-benzyl-8-(3-thienyl)- 1,6-naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 144 N-(2-furylmethyl)-8-(3- thienyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 145 2-[(4-pyridin-2- ylpiperazin-1- yl)carbonyl]-8-(3- thienyl)-1,6- naphthyridine 146

N-(4-chlorobenzyl)-8-(3- thienyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 147 2-[(4-benzylpiperazin-1- yl)carbonyl]-8-(3- thienyl)-1,6- naphthyridine 148 N-(1-benzylpiperidin-4- yl)-8-(3-thienyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 149 N-(2-methoxybenzyl)-8-(3- thienyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 150 2-({4-[(4,6- dimethoxypyrimidin-2- yl)methyl]piperazin-1- yl}carbonyl)-8-(3- thienyl)-1,6- naphthyridine 151

N-(2-isopropoxybenzyl)-8- (3-thienyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 152 1-{[8-(1-benzofuran-2- yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2- yl]carbonyl}piperidin-4- ol 153 8-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-N- (2-methoxyethyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 154 8-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-N- cyclopropyl-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 155 1-[(8-phenyl-1,6- naphthyridin-2- yl)carbonyl]piperidin-4- ol 156

N-(2-methoxyethyl)-8- phenyl-1,6-naphthyridine- 2-carboxamide 157 N-cyclopropyl-8-phenyl- 1,6-naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 158 8-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-N- (3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)- 1,6-naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 159 8-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-N- [3-(1 H-imidazol-1- yl)propyl]-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 160 8-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-N- [(5-methylpyrazin-2- yl)methyl]-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 161

8-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-2- (1,4-dioxa-8- azaspiro[4.5]dec-8- ylcarbonyl)-1,6- naphthyridine 162 8-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-N- (pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 163 8-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-2- (morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)- 1,6-naphthyridine 164 8-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-2- (piperidin-1-ylcarbonyl)- 1,6-naphthyridine 165 8-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-N- benzyl-1,6-naphthyridine- 2-carboxamide 166

8-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-N- (2-furylmethyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 167 8-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-N- (2-phenylethyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 168 8-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-N- (4-chlorobenzyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 169 8-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-2- [(4-benzylpiperazin-1- yl)carbonyl]-1,6- naphthyridine 170 8-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-N- (1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)- 1,6-naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 171

8-(1-benzofuran-2-)-N- (2-methoxybenzyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 172 8-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-N- [4- (methylsulfonyl)benzyl]- 1,6-naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 173

8-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-N- {[6- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin- 3-yl]methyl}-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide 174 8-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-N- (2-isopropoxybenzyl)-1,6- naphthyridine-2- carboxamide Biological Evaluation Endothelial Cell Activation:

Low passage normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) (Clonetics) were seeded 20,000 cells per well into 96-well assay plates and incubated at 37° C. overnight in a 5% CO₂ atmosphere. The following day, 10× test compounds and controls were added to the appropriate wells and the treated cells returned to the incubator for one hour. Cells were then activated by adding TNF-α to a final concentration of 1 ng/ml and incubating for an additional 4 hours. After activation, media was removed and the cell monolayer was fixed by adding 100 μl/well of 100% methanol. Expression of E-selectin was then determined by performing an ELISA with an E-selectin-specific primary antibody. Compound activity was determined by comparing E-selectin expression levels to the DMSO and 10 μM Actinomycin D controls.

To test for specificity of compound action, the endothelial cells were also activated with 1 ng/ml IL-1β or LPS. 18 hour activation was also done for all three agonist, but cell activation for the longer activation was measured by determining expression of ICAM using an ICAM-specific primary antibody for the ELISA readout.

TNF-α Activation of NFκB Response Element:

293T cells were transfected with an NFκμ-Luc reporter construct (BD Biosystems) using FuGENE 6 transfection reagent (Roche). After transfection, the cells were plated into 96-well plates and incubated at 37° C. overnight in a 5% CO₂ atmosphere. The following day, 10× concentrations of test compounds and controls were added to the appropriate wells, and the cells were incubated for an additional hour. TNF-α was then added to a final concentration of 5 ng/ml, followed by additional 4 hour incubation. After activation the media was removed and 30 μl/well of reporter lysis buffer was added (Promega). Luciferase activity was determined by adding luciferase reaction buffer (Promega) to the plate and measuring light output with a Tecan GeniosPro plate reader. Compound activity was determined by comparing light output to DMSO and 10 μM Actinomycin D controls.

LPS Activated TNF-α Release:

THP-1 cells were seeded into V-bottom 96-well plates at 5,000 cells per well. Plates were then incubated overnight at 37° C., 5% CO₂. Cells were then treated with 10× compounds, using DMSO and 10 μM Actinomycin-D as controls. Plates were incubated for 1 hr at 37° C., 5% CO₂. Cells were then activated with 10× LPS (final concentration: 25 ng/ml) and incubated overnight at 37° C., 5% CO₂. The following day, assay plates were centrifuged, and the supernatant transferred to ELISA plates for determination of TNF-α secretion by sandwich ELISA (Biosource International).

TNF-α Activated IL-8 Release:

HL60 cells were seeded into V-bottom 96-well plates at 20,000 cells per well and treated with test compounds ranging in concentration from 40 μM to 64 nM, using DMSO and 10 μM Actinomycin D as the controls. Plates were incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO₂. Cells were then activated by addition of TNF-α final concentration: 12.5 ng/ml). Plates were incubated for an additional 4 hours at 37° C., 5% CO₂. Plates were then centrifuged, and supernatant transferred to ELISA plates for determination of IL-8 secretion by sandwich ELISA.

Cell Proliferation Assays

A panel of cancer cell lines was obtained from the DCTP Tumor Repository, National Cancer Institute (Frederick, Md.) or ATCC (Rockville, Md.). Cell cultures were maintained in Hyclone RPMI 1640 medium (Logan, Utah) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 20 mM HEPES buffer, final pH 7.2, at 37° C. with a 5% CO2 atmosphere. Cultures were maintained at sub-confluent densities. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were purchased from Clonetics, a division of Cambrex (Walkersville, Md.). Cultures were established from cryopreserved stocks using Clonetics EGM-2 medium supplemented with 20 mM HEPES, final pH 7.2, at 37° C. with a 5% CO₂ atmosphere.

For proliferation assays, cells were seeded with the appropriate medium into 96 well plates at 1,000-2,500 cells per well, depending on the cell line, and were incubated overnight. The following day, test compound, DMSO solution (negative control), or Actinomycin D (positive control) was added to the appropriate wells as 10× concentrated stocks prepared in phosphate buffered saline. The cell plates were then incubated for an additional 2-5 days, depending on the cell line, to allow proliferation to occur. To measure cell density, 50 μL of WST-1 solution (Roche Applied Science, IN) diluted 1:5 in phosphate buffered saline was added to each well, and the cells incubated for an additional 1-5 hrs., again depending on the cell line. Optical density was determined for each well at 450 nM using a Tecan GeniosPro plate reader (RTP, NC). The percentage of cell growth was determined by comparing the cell growth in the presence of test compounds to the cells treated with DMSO vehicle (control, 100% growth) and cells treated with Actinomycin D (10 μM, 0% growth).

Immediately after the WST-1 determination, the medium was removed from the PC-3, NCI-H460 and HUVEC cell lines, and the plates stored at −80° C. Using these assay plates, relative amounts of DNA in each well were determined using the Cyquant DNA assay kit from R&D Systems (Eugene, Oreg.) following the manufacturer's directions. Results for each compound treatment were compared to DMSO vehicle control (100%) and 10 μM Actinomycin D treated cells (0%). Table 2 contains the cell proliferation data for several exemplary compounds useful in the methods of the invention.

Preferred compounds of the invention have activities of less than 20 μM in all of the assays described above.

The invention and the manner and process of making and using it, are now described in such full, clear, concise and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art to which it pertains, to make and use the same. It is to be understood that the foregoing describes preferred embodiments of the invention and that modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as set forth in the claims. To particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter regarded as invention, the following claims conclude this specification. 

1. A compound of the formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each

independently represents a single bond or a double bond; A₁ is N, or an N-oxide; A₂ is N, an N-oxide, NH, or N(C₁-C₆) alkyl; provided that when

is a single bond, then A₂ is NH, or N(C₁-C₆) alkyl; X is —NR_(x)R_(y), or —C(O)R₂₀; wherein R_(x), and R_(y) are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, —C(O)-aryl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, or —C(O)heteroaryl; Z is a bond, —CH₂—, —NH—, —O—, —N(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-, —S—, —S(O)—, —SO₂—, —SO₂NH—, or —SO₂N(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-; R₁ is halogen, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, or C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, phenyl, or naphthyl, wherein the phenyl and naphthyl groups are optionally substituted with 1 or more groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, wherein each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups that are independently halogen, OH, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl); or R₆ and R₇ and the nitrogen to which they are attached form a ring having from 5 to 8 members, wherein the ring optionally contains 1-3 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, where the ring is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, amino, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl); R₁₀ is C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or cycloalkyl, wherein the cyclic portions are optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are independently halogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CO₂H, CN, NO₂, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, or C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy; wherein the heterocycloalkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of R₁ and R₁₀ are further optionally substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or ═N—OCH₃; R₂ and R₃ are independently H, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, —C(O)NH₂, —C(O)NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —C(O)N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl), or aryl; R₂₀ is H, OH, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, or NR₄R₅; wherein R₄ and R₅ are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, cycloalkylalkynyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkenyl, heterocycloalkylalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylalkynyl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, or arylalkynyl, wherein the cyclic portion of each of the above is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, —SO₂—(C₁-C₆) alkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, NO₂, CN, OH, aryl C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NR₇R₈, or —C(O)NR₇R₈, wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein the alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl) or CO₂H; or R₇ and R₈ and the nitrogen to which they are attached form a ring having from 5 to 8 members, wherein the ring optionally contains 1-3 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, where the ring is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, amino, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl); wherein the heterocycloalkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of R₄ and R₅ are further optionally substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or ═N—OCH₃; or R₄ and R₅ and the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heterocycloalkyl ring, which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or more groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, aryl C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, OH, ═O, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, —OCH₂CH₂O—, —OCH₂O—, wherein the heteroaryl, phenyl and naphthyl groups are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or more groups that are independently C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, CF₃ or OCF₃; R₂₁ is H, CN, amino, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, OH, halogen, aryl, heteroaryl, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, —C(O)NH₂, —C(O)NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), or —C(O)N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl); provided that R₁ is halogen only when Z is a bond; provided that when R₂₀ is NR₄R₅ and R₄ is C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl or C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl optionally substituted with OH, halogen, amino, carboxyl or saturated or unsaturated C₃₋₁₀ (carbocycle or heterocycle) optionally substituted with OH, halogen, amino, mercapto, carboxy, C₁₋₄ (alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, acyl, acyloxy or alkoxycarbonyl) optionally substituted with OH, halogen, amino or C₁₋₄ alkoxy; and C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl fused to C₆₋₁₀ aryl optionally substituted with OH, halogen, amino, mercapto, carboxy, C₁₋₄ (alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, acyl, acyloxy or alkoxycarbonyl) optionally substituted with OH, halogen, amino or C₁₋₄ alkoxy; R₅ is H, or C₁₋₄ alkyl; and (1) Z is a bond; and R₂ or R₃ is H, OH, halogen, amino, cyano, C₁₋₆ (alkyl, alkoxy, acyl, acyloxy or alkoxycarbonyl) optionally substituted with OH, halogen, amino or C₁₋₄ alkoxy, and saturated or unsaturated C₃₋₁₀ (carbocycle or heterocycle) optionally substituted with OH, halogen, amino, mercapto, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkoxycarbonyl, halo substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl or halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy or carboxy; or (2) Z is a bond; R₂ or R₃ is H, OH, halogen, amino, cyano, C₁₋₆ (alkyl, alkoxy, acyl, acyloxy or alkoxycarbonyl) optionally substituted with OH, halogen, amino or C₁₋₄ alkoxy, and saturated or unsaturated C₃₋₁₀ (carbocycle or heterocycle) optionally substituted with OH, halogen, amino, mercapto, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkoxycarbonyl, halo substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl or halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy or carboxy; and R₄ and R₅ together form a saturated or unsaturated 5 or 6 member heterocycle optionally fused to C₆₋₁₀ aryl or heteroaryl; then R₁ is not OH, halogen, amino, cyano, C₁₋₆ (alkyl, alkoxy, acyl, acyloxy or alkoxycarbonyl) optionally substituted with OH, halogen, amino or C₁₋₄ alkoxy, and saturated or unsaturated C₃₋₁₀ (carbocycle or heterocycle) optionally substituted with OH, halogen, amino, mercapto, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkoxycarbonyl, halo substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl or halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy or carboxy.
 2. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R₁ is halogen, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, phenyl, naphthyl, thienyl, furanyl, indolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, triazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, benzofuranyl, 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-onyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, S,S-dioxothiomorpholinyl, or C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, phenyl, naphthyl, wherein the phenyl and naphthyl groups are optionally substituted with 1 or more groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, or —C(O)NR₆R₇, wherein Each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups that are independently halogen, OH, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl); R₁₀ is C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidyl, furanyl, indolyl, benzofuranyl, thienyl, cycloalkyl, wherein the cyclic portions are optionally substituted with halogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CO₂H, CN, NO₂, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, or C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy; wherein the heterocycloalkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of R₁ and R₁₀ are further optionally substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or ═N—OCH₃.
 3. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R₂₀ is NR₄R₅; wherein R₄ and R₅ are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, cycloalkyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, S,S-dioxothiomorpholinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, morpholinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, thiomorpholinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, S,S-dioxothiomorpholinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, piperidinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrrolidinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, imidazolidinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, piperidinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, pyrrolidinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, imidazolidinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, morpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, thiomorpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, S,S-dioxothiomorpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, tetrahydrofuranyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, tetrahydrothienyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, piperidinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, pyrrolidinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, imidazolidinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, morpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, thiomorpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, S,S-dioxothiomorpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, tetrahydrofuranyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, tetrahydrothienyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, phenyl, naphthyl, furanyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, thienyl, imidazolyl, pyrazinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyridyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrimidyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrazinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, imidazolyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, furanyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, thienyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylalkynyl, phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, naphthyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, phenyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, naphthyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, phenyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, naphthyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, wherein the cyclic portion of each of the above is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, —SO₂—(C₁-C₆) alkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, NO₂, CN, OH, phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, CN, halogen, OH, and alkanoyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NR₇R₈, or —C(O)NR₇R₈, wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein the C₁-C₆ alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl) or CO₂H; wherein the heterocycloalkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of R₄ and R₅ are further optionally substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or ═N—OCH₃; or R₄ and R₅ and the nitrogen to which they are attached form a piperazinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, thiomorpholinyl, imidazolidinyl, S,S-dioxothiomorpholinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, ring, which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or more groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, naphthyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, OH, ═O, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrazinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, —OCH₂CH₂O—, —OCH₂O—, wherein the pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, phenyl and naphthyl groups are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or more groups that are independently C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, CF₃ or OCF₃.
 4. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R₁ is halogen, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, phenyl, naphthyl, thienyl, furanyl, indolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, triazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, benzofuranyl, 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-onyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, S,S-dioxothiomorpholinyl, or C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, phenyl, naphthyl, wherein the phenyl and naphthyl groups are optionally substituted with 1 or more groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, or —C(O)NR₆R₇, wherein each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups that are independently halogen, OH, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl); R₁₀ is C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidyl, furanyl, indolyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, wherein the cyclic portions are optionally substituted with halogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CO₂H, CN, NO₂, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, or C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy; wherein the heterocycloalkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of R₁ and R₁₀ are further optionally substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or ═N—OCH₃; and R₄ and R₅ are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, cycloalkyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, S,S-dioxothiomorpholinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, morpholinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, thiomorpholinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, S,S-dioxothiomorpholinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, piperidinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrrolidinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, imidazolidinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, piperidinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, pyrrolidinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, imidazolidinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, morpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, thiomorpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, S,S-dioxothiomorpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, tetrahydrofuranyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, tetrahydrothienyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, piperidinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, pyrrolidinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, imidazolidinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, morpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, thiomorpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, S,S-dioxothiomorpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, tetrahydrofuranyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, tetrahydrothienyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, phenyl, naphthyl, furanyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, thienyl, imidazolyl, pyrazinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyridyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrimidyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrazinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, imidazolyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, furanyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, thienyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylalkynyl, phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, naphthyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, phenyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, naphthyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, phenyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, naphthyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, wherein the cyclic portion of each of the above is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, —SO₂—(C₁-C₆) alkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, NO₂, CN, OH, phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, CN, halogen, OH, and alkanoyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NR₇R₈, or —C(O)NR₇R₈, wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein the C₁-C₆ alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl) or CO₂H; wherein the heterocycloalkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of the above are further optionally substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or ═N—OCH₃; or R₄ and R₅ and the nitrogen to which they are attached form a piperazinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, thiomorpholinyl, imidazolidinyl, S,S-dioxothiomorpholinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, ring, which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or more groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, naphthyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, OH, ═O, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrazinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, —OCH₂CH₂O—, —OCH₂O—, wherein the pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, phenyl and naphthyl groups are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or more groups that are independently C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, CF₃ or OCF₃.
 5. A compound according to claim 4, wherein R₂ and R₃ are independently H, halogen, or C₁-C₆ alkyl.
 6. A compound according to claim 5, wherein Z is a bond, —CH₂—, or —NH—.
 7. A compound according to claim 6, wherein R₁ is halogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, phenyl, thienyl, pyridyl, triazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazinyl, benzofuranyl, 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-onyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, phenyl, wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1 or more groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, —C(O)R₁₀, or, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, —C(O)NR₆R₇, wherein each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups that are independently halogen, OH, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl); and R₁₀ is phenyl, pyridyl, or C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, wherein the cyclic portions are optionally substituted with halogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CO₂H, CN, NO₂, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, or C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy.
 8. A compound according to claim 7, wherein R₄ and R₅ are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, morpholinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, piperidinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrrolidinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, piperidinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, pyrrolidinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, morpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, piperidinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, pyrrolidinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, morpholinyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, phenyl, furanyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyridyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, imidazolyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, furanyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, thienyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, phenyl C₂-C₆ alkenyl, phenyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, wherein the cyclic portion of each of the above is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, —SO₂—(C₁-C₆) alkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, NO₂, CN, OH, phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, CN, halogen, OH, and alkanoyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NR₇R₈, or —C(O)NR₇R₈, wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein the C₁-C₆ alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl) or CO₂H; wherein the heterocycloalkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of R₄ and R₅ are further optionally substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or ═N—OCH₃.
 9. A compound according to claim 8, wherein Z is —NH— or —CH₂—; R₁ is C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, phenyl, thienyl, pyridyl, triazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazinyl, benzofuranyl, 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-onyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, phenyl, wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1 or more groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, CF₃, OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, or —C(O)NR₆R₇, wherein each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups that are independently halogen, OH, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl); and and R₄ and R₅ are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, morpholinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, piperidinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyrrolidinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, phenyl, furanyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, pyridyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, imidazolyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, furanyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, thienyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein the cyclic portion of each of the above is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, —SO₂—(C₁-C₆) alkyl, CF₃, OCF₃, NO₂, CN, OH, phenyl C₁-C₆ alkyl wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, CN, halogen, OH, and alkanoyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NR₇R₈, or —C(O)NR₇R₈, wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein the C₁-C₆ alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl) or CO₂H; wherein the heterocycloalkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of R₄ and R₅ are further optionally substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or ═N—OCH₃.
 10. A compound according to claim 9, wherein R₁ is phenyl, thienyl, pyridyl, imidazolyl, pyrazinyl, benzofuranyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, phenyl, wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with 1 or more groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, CF₃, OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, or —C(O)NR₆R₇, wherein each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, or C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups that are independently halogen, OH, CF₃, OCF₃, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl); and and R₄ and R₅ are independently H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, piperidinyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, phenyl, furanyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, pyridyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, imidazolyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, furanyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, thienyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, phenyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, wherein the cyclic portion of each of the above is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, —SO₂—(C₁-C₄) alkyl, CF₃, OCF₃, NO₂, CN, OH, NR₇R₈, or —C(O)NR₇R₈, wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, wherein the C₁-C₆ alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, or 2 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl), N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl) or CO₂H; wherein the heterocycloalkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of R₄ and R₅ are further optionally substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or ═N—OCH₃.
 11. A compound according to claim 10, wherein R₄ is H or methyl; and R₅ is —CH₂-furanyl.
 12. A compound according to claim 11, wherein R₁ is phenyl, thienyl, pyridyl, or pyrazinyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CF₃, OCF₃, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₂ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, or —C(O)NR₆R₇, wherein each R₆ and R₇ at each occurrence are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, or C₁-C₄ alkoxycarbonyl.
 13. A compound according to claim 6, wherein R₄ and R₅ and the nitrogen to which they are attached form a piperazinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, imidazolidinyl, or pyrrolidinyl ring, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or more groups that are independently C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, phenyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, OH, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, pyrazinyl C₁-C₄ alkyl, phenyl, —OCH₂CH₂O—, —OCH₂O—, wherein the pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl C₁-C₆ alkyl, and phenyl groups are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or more groups that are independently C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, CF₃ or OCF₃.
 14. A compound according to claim 13, wherein R₁ is phenyl, thienyl, furanyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, triazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, benzofuranyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CN, CO₂H, phenyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with 1 or more groups that are independently selected from C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, OH, CF₃, and OCF₃, CF₃, OCF₃, —OC(O)—C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxycarbonyl, or C₁-C₄ alkanoyl.
 15. A compound according to claim 13, wherein R₁ is phenyl, thienyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, triazolyl, imidazolyl, benzofuranyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups that are independently C₁-C₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, —C(O)R₁₀, NR₆R₇, —(C₁-C₄ alkyl)-NR₆R₇, or —C(O)NR₆R₇, wherein each R₆ and R₇ is independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the alkyl portion of each is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, or 2 groups that are independently halogen, OH, CF₃, OCF₃, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₆ alkyl) (C₁-C₆ alkyl); R₁₀ is phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidyl, furanyl, indolyl, or C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted with halogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, CO₂H, CN, NO₂, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, or C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy; wherein the heterocycloalkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of R₁ and R₁₀ are further optionally substituted with ═O, ═N—OH, or ═N—OCH₃.
 16. A compound according to claim 15, wherein R₄ and R₅ and the nitrogen to which they are attached form a piperazinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, imidazolidinyl, or pyrrolidinyl ring, which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or more groups that are independently C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, halogen, phenyl C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkanoyl, OH, pyridyl, pyrimidyl C₁-C₂ alkyl, phenyl, —OCH₂CH₂O—, or —OCH₂O—; and R₂ and R₃ are both H.
 17. A compound according to claim 1 which is 8-Bromo-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester; 8-[5-(2-Dimethylamino-ethylcarbamoyl)-thiophen-2-yl]-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (furan-2-ylmethyl)-amide; 8-[5-(2-Diethylamino-ethylcarbamoyl)-thiophen-2-yl]-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (furan-2-ylmethyl)-amide; 8-[5-(2-Dimethylamino-ethylcarbamoyl)-thiophen-2-yl]-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid cyclopropylamide; 8-[5-(2-Diethylamino-ethylcarbamoyl)-thiophen-2-yl]-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid cyclopropylamide; 5-(2-Methylcarbamoyl-[1,6]naphthyridin-8-yl)-thiophene-2-carboxylic acid amide; 5-(2-Methylcarbamoyl-[1,6]naphthyridin-8-yl)-thiophene-2-carboxylic acid methylamide; 8-[5-(3-Morpholin-4-yl-propylcarbamoyl)-thiophen-2-yl]-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid methylamide; 8-Thiophen-3-yl[1,6]-naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid; 8-Thiophen-3-yl[1,6]-naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (2-oxo-cyclohexyl)amide; 8-Thiophen-3-yl-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide; 8-Phenyl[1,6]-naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid; 8-Phenyl[1,6]-naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide; 8-Bromo[1,6]-naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (2-oxo-cyclohexyl)amide; 8-Phenyl[1,6]-naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (2-oxo-cyclohexyl)amide; 8-(3-Hydroxy-prop-1-ynyl-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid cyclopropylamide; 8-(3-Hydroxy-prop-1-ynyl-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide; 8-(3-Hydroxy-prop-1-ynyl-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (furan-2-ylmethyl)amide; (3-{2-[(Furan-2-ylmethyl)-carbamoyl]-[1,6]naphthyridin-8-yl}-prop-2-ynyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester; 8-Phenylethynyl-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (furan-2-ylmethyl)-amide; 8-Ethynyl-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (furan-2-ylmethyl)-amide; 8-(4-Methoxy-phenylamino)-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (furan-2-ylmethyl)-amide; 8-para-Tolylamino-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (furan-2-ylmethyl)-amide; 8-Phenylamino-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (furan-2-ylmethyl)-amide; 8-(3-Trifluoromethyl-phenylamino-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (furan-2-ylmethyl)-amide; 8-(4-Trifluoromethyl-phenylamino)-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (furan-2-ylmethyl)-amide; 8-(Pyridin-3-ylamino)-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (furan-2-ylmethyl)-amide; 8-(Pyridin-4-ylamino)-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (furan-2-ylmethyl)-amide; 8-(Pyrazin-2-ylamino)-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (furan-2-ylmethyl)-amide; 8-(3,5-Dichloro-phenylamino)-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (furan-2-ylmethyl)-amide; 8-(4-Methoxy-phenylamino)-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid cyclopropylamide; 8-(3,5-Dichloro-phenylamino)-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid cyclopropylamide; 8-(4-Methoxy-phenylamino)-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide; 8-[(Furan-2-ylmethyl)-amino]-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (furan-2-ylmethyl)-amide; 8-[(Pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-amino]-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (furan-2-ylmethyl)-amide; 8-[(Pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-amino]-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (furan-2-ylmethyl)-amide; 8-[(Pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-amino]-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (furan-2-ylmethyl)-amide; 8-(3-Methoxy-benzylamino)-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (furan-2-ylmethyl)-amide; 8-Cyclopropylamino-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (furan-2-ylmethyl)-amide; 8-Prop-2-ynylamino-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (furan-2-ylmethyl)-amide; 8-(2-Oxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-[1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (furan-2-ylmethyl)-amide; methyl 8-bromo-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxylate; 8-(3-thienyl)-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid; N-cyclopropyl-8-[5-({[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]amino}carbonyl)-2-thienyl]-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide; 8-phenyl-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid; N-(2-furylmethyl)-8-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino}-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide; N-(2-furylmethyl)-8-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide; 8-anilino-N-(2-furylmethyl)-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide; N-(2-furylmethyl)-8-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino}-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide; N-(2-furylmethyl)-8-[(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide; N-(2-furylmethyl)-8-(3-hydroxyprop-1-yn-1-yl)-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide; 8-(5-carboxy-2-thienyl)-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid; 8-bromo-N-(2-oxocyclohexyl)-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide; N-(2-furylmethyl)-8-(pyridin-3-ylamino)-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide; tert-butyl[3-(2-{[(2-furylmethyl)amino]carbonyl}-1,6-naphthyridin-8-yl)prop-2-yn-1-yl]carbamate; N— (2-furylmethyl)-8-(pyridin-4-ylamino)-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide; 8-bromo-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide; 8-[5-({[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]amino}carbonyl)-2-thienyl]-N-(2-furylmethyl)-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide; 8-[5-({[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino]carbonyl)-2-thienyl}-N-(2-furylmethyl)-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide; N-cyclopropyl-8-[5-({[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino}carbonyl)-2-thienyl]-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide; diethyl N-(4-{[(8-bromo-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}benzoyl)glutamate N-(2-furylmethyl)-8-(pyrazin-2-ylamino)-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide; N-(2-oxocyclohexyl)-8-(3-thienyl)-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide; N-(2-oxocyclohexyl)-8-phenyl-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide; 8-(3-hydroxyprop-1-yn-1-yl)-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide; N-cyclopropyl-8-(3-hydroxyprop-1-yn-1-yl)-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide; N-(2-furylmethyl)-8-(phenylethynyl)-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide; 8-ethynyl-N-(2-furylmethyl)-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide; N-cyclopropyl-8-[(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide; 2-[(4-benzylpiperazin-1-yl)carbonyl]-8-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-naphthyridine; N-[4-(methylsulfonyl)benzyl]-8-(3-thienyl)-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide; 1-{[8-(3-thienyl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}piperidin-4-ol; N-(2-methoxyethyl)-8-(3-thienyl)-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide; 8-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-[(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)carbonyl]-1,6-naphthyridine; N-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-8-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide; 8-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-[4-(methylsulfonyl)benzyl]-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide; 2-(1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]dec-8-ylcarbonyl)-8-phenyl-1,6-naphthyridine; 8-phenyl-2-[(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)carbonyl]-1,6-naphthyridine; 2-[(4-benzylpiperazin-1-yl)carbonyl]-8-phenyl-1,6-naphthyridine; N-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-8-phenyl-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide; N-[4-(methylsulfonyl)benzyl]-8-phenyl-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide; 2-(1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]dec-8-ylcarbonyl)-8-(3-thienyl)-1,6-naphthyridine; 2-[(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)carbonyl]-8-(3-thienyl)-1,6-naphthyridine; 2-[(4-benzylpiperazin-1-yl)carbonyl]-8-(3-thienyl)-1,6-naphthyridine; N-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-8-(3-thienyl)-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide; 2-({4-[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}carbonyl)-8-(3-thienyl)-1,6-naphthyridine; 1-{[8-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}piperidin-4-ol; 8-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide; 1-[(8-phenyl-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]piperidin-4-ol; N-(2-methoxyethyl)-8-phenyl-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide; 8-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-2-(1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]dec-8-ylcarbonyl)-1,6-naphthyridine; 8-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-2-[(4-benzylpiperazin-1-yl)carbonyl]-1,6-naphthyridine; 8-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-N-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide; 8-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-N-[4-(methylsulfonyl)benzyl]-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 18. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to claim 1 and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable solvent, carrier, excipient, adjuvant or a combination thereof.
 19. A method of treating a disease or condition related to cell differentiation comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1 to a patient in need of such treatment.
 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the disease or condition is cancer, inflammation, arthritis, or angiogenesis. 